数学符号及表达式英语读法.pdf

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1、17.2.1999/H.V¨aliahoPronunciationofmathematicalexpressionsThepronunciationsofthemostcommonmathematicalexpressionsaregiveninthelistbelow.Ingeneral,theshortestversionsarepreferred(unlessgreaterprecisionisnecessary).1.Logic∃thereexists∀forallp⇒qpimpliesq/ifp,thenqp⇔

2、qpifandonlyifq/pisequivalenttoq/pandqareequivalent2.Setsx∈AxbelongstoA/xisanelement(oramember)ofAx/∈AxdoesnotbelongtoA/xisnotanelement(oramember)ofAA⊂BAiscontainedinB/AisasubsetofBA⊃BAcontainsB/BisasubsetofAA∩BAcapB/AmeetB/AintersectionBA∪BAcupB/AjoinB/AunionBAB

3、AminusB/thedifferencebetweenAandBA×BAcrossB/thecartesianproductofAandB3.Realnumbersx+1xplusonex−1xminusonex±1xplusorminusonexyxy/xmultipliedbyy(x−y)(x+y)xminusy,xplusyxxoveryy=theequalssignx=5xequals5/xisequalto5x=5x(is)notequalto51x≡yxisequivalentto(oridenticalwi

4、th)yx≡yxisnotequivalentto(oridenticalwith)yx>yxisgreaterthanyx≥yxisgreaterthanorequaltoyx

5、x

6、modx/modulusxx2xsquared/x(raised)tothepower2x3xcubedx

7、4xtothefourth/xtothepowerfourxnxtothenth/xtothepowernx−nxtothe(power)minusn√x(square)rootx/thesquarerootofx√3xcuberoot(of)x√4xfourthroot(of)x√nxnthroot(of)x(x+y)2xplusyallsquaredx2xoveryallsquaredyn!nfactorialxxˆhatxx¯barxx˜tildexixi/xsubscripti/xsuffixi/xsubina

8、ithesumfromiequalsonetonai/thesumasirunsfrom1tonoftheaii=14.Linearalgebraxthenorm(ormodulus)ofx−−→OAOA/vectorOAOAOA/thelengthofthesegmentOAATAtranspose/thetransposeofAA−1Ainverse/theinverseofA25.Functionsf(x)fx/fofx/thefunctionfofxf:S→TafunctionffromStoTx→yxma

9、pstoy/xissent(ormapped)toyf(x)fprimex/fdashx/the(first)derivativeoffwithrespecttoxf(x)fdouble–primex/fdouble–dashx/thesecondderivativeoffwithrespecttoxf(x)ftriple–primex/ftriple–dashx/thethirdderivativeoffwithrespecttoxf(4)(x)ffourx/thefourthderivativeoffwit

10、hrespecttox∂fthepartial(derivative)offwithrespecttox1∂x1∂2f2thesecondpartial(derivative)offwithrespecttox1∂x1∞theintegralfromzerotoinfinity0limthelimitasxappro