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1、StudiesonTransferinSecondLanguageAcquisitionAbstract:Transferisapervasivetermandthishasledtodiverseinterpretationsandresearchpracticesofit.Thispaperreviewedtherelatedliteratureontransferstudiesinsecondlanguageacquisition,linguisticstudiesandnon-linguistic.Italsomadeasurveyaboutapproachesintr
2、ansferstudies,nativespeakers’attitudestowardtransfer,andtransfersmadebyChineselearnersofEnglish.Itwasarguedthattransferresearchevolvedfromalinguistic-to-non-linguisticpath,andthereisanecessityinthecurrenttrendtoshiftfromtheformertothelatter.Keywords:transfer,linguistictransfer,pragmatictrans
3、fer,secondlanguageacquisition1.DefiningtransferTransfer,derivedfromtheLatinword“transferre”,means“tocarry”,“tobear”or“toprint,impressorotherwisecopy(asadrawingorengraveddesign)fromonesurfacetoanother”(Webster’sThirdNewWorldInternationalDictionary,1986).Sotospeak,whenwesay“technologytransfer”
4、,wemeanthetransferorcarry-overoftechnologyfromoneownertoanother.Transfercanalsomean“thecarry-overorgeneralizationoflearnedresponsesfromonetypeofsituationtoanother”,especially“theapplicationinonefieldofstudyoreffortofknowledge,skill,power,orabilityacquiredinanother”(Webster’sThirdNewWorldInte
5、rnationalDictionary,1986).Theuseof“transfer”in“linguistictransfer”issuchanexample.Bylinguistictransfer,wemeanwhatthelearnerscarryovertoorgeneralizeintheirknowledgeabouttheirnativelanguage(NL)tohelpthemlearntouseatargetlanguage(TL).Heretransferdoesnotindicatewhetherwhatiscarriedoverisbadorgoo
6、d.Thismeaningfromthedictionaryshowsthattransferisaneutralwordinoriginandnature.Linguisticsconcerns,inoverall,withthestaticstructureswithinalanguagesystem.ViewedfromtheTLgrammaticalrules,certainNL-basedlinguistictransfersarefoundtocoincidewithlinguisticerrors.Inthisway,NL-basedlinguistictrans
7、fersaredividedintotwobroadtypes,positiveandnegative.ThoseNL-basedusesthatdonotleadtolinguisticerrorsarelabeledaspositivetransfer,whereasthosethatleadtoerrors,negativetransfer.Insecondlanguageclassroomteaching,apositivelinguistictransferisgenerallyn
