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《On the Development and Decline of Chivalry 欧洲骑士制度的兴衰历史 英语论文》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、OntheDevelopmentandDeclineofChivalryIntroduction:Chivalry,alsoknownasKnighthood,canbedefinedasthegeneralcollectionoforganizations,regulations,moralsandnormsownedparticularlybytheknightclassinwestEuropeintheMiddleAges.Thissystem,withitsnatureofthedictatorshipofmid-and-smallishfeudalnobles,i
2、sbasedonthevassalageofland,bondedwithknightenlistment,directedbyChristianthought.Narrowlyspeaking,itisakindofmilitarysystem.Generallyspeaking,itservesasasystemaswellasamoralconcept.SinceChivalryhasalong-lastingimpactonthedevelopinghistoryofwestEurope,Ifancy,itisquitenecessarytotalkaboutthe
3、developmentanddeclineofChivalry.Theknighthood,originatedwiththejointeffortsofseveralelements,includingancienthistoryrecollectionsandvarioussocialfactsatthattime.Alloftheseelementstogethergavebirthtomilitaryfiefwhichservedastheeconomicisotopiccarrierfortheendowmentofpoliticalrightsonknightc
4、lass.UnderthespiritualshapingofChristianthought,Chivalrywasestablishedfirmly.Chivalry,asamilitaryregimebuiltonthefiefsystem,primitivelyoriginatedinFrankishKingdominthe8thcentury.Thenitwaspassedtothenorth,tothewestofReichacrossFlender,Burgundyandsoon.ItissafetosaythatChivalryisakindofmechan
5、ismonthewholeEuropeancontinent.Tobefrank,itsdevelopmentcanbedividedintothreestages.Threestagesofdevelopment:ThefirststagewasapproximatelyfromtheMilitaryReformofCharlesMartel,totheendof11thcentury.Duringthisperiod,Chivalrywasstillontheprimarylevel.Herefollowsitsseveralfeatures.Tobeginwith,k
6、nightswereprofessionalsoldiersandtheprimitivesoldierswereconsideredasthemostfaithfulandthebravestpeople.Theyshoulderedthemissionofprotectingnationalpeople.Theirmajortaskwastofightinvariousbattlesandtoservetheirsuzerains.Itwasestimatedthattheywereatwarfor40—60daysperyear.Therefore,itsmilita
7、ryfeaturecanbeplainlyseen.Knightswereanopenclassbefore11thcentury.Anypersonwhocouldaffordtobuyweaponsandhorsesandhadeverparticipatedofficiallyintheceremonycoulddeservethenameofaknight.Afreeman,whowasborninapoorfamily,couldalsobenamedaknightaslongashecouldbehav