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1、44YOO-DISCOURSESOFENGLISHASANOFFICIALLANGUAGEINSOUTHKOREADISCOURSESOFENGLISHASANOFFICIALLANGUAGEINAMONOLINGUALSOCIETY:THECASEOFSOUTHKOREAOkKyoonYooSimwonMiddleSchoolINTRODUCTIONWiththeadventofglobalization,theemergenceofnewnationalandinternationalordershasposedlinguistic
2、challengesatvariouslevels.Threecompetingtrends—homogenization,heterogenization,andhybridization—arereshapinglanguagesituationswithinandbetweennations.Atanationallevel,insomeWesternmultilingualcountries,linguisticjusticehasbeenincreasinglyarguedforbyminoritygroups,whether
3、indigenousorimmigrant,againstthecentripetalforcesoftheideologyof‘onenationonelanguage’,asisclearintherecentEnglish-onlymovementintheUS.Inthemultilingualthirdworld,manycountrieshavebeenstrugglingtocreatelinguisticidentitiesoutoftheirethniclanguagesandformercolonizers’lang
4、uages.Ontheotherhand,atagloballevel,thephenomenalspreadofEnglishisconsideredbysometobeamajorthreattootherethniclanguagesintheworldandbyotherstofacilitateparticipationininternationalcommunications.Inthiscontext,SouthKoreahasrecentlywitnessedrecurrentproposalsforEnglishasa
5、nOfficialLanguage(EOL)asalanguagepolicyformeetingthedemandsofglobalization.Inresponse,anothercompetingforce,nationalism,hasformedstrongreactionstotheseproposals,therebyopeningupheateddebatesinthemediaandpublications.ConsideringthatSouthKoreaisa‘monolingual’society,nota‘m
6、ultilingualone’,thatenjoysaveryhighdegreeofcongruityasaspeechcommunity(Coulmas,1999)andthatitisanExpandingCirclecountry(Kachru,1989),whereEnglishislearnedasa‘foreign’language,theproposalforEOLinSouthKoreaisanextremecasethatfocusesonlyontheneedforinternationalcommunicatio
7、nswithoutcriticalconsiderationofitspotentialeffectsondomesticlanguagesituations.Thus,explorationofthiscaseisvaluabletoanunderstandingofhowthepressuresofglobalcommunicationswithintheprocessofglobalizationaresopowerfulastothreatenanalreadyestablishednationallanguageevenina
8、monolingualsociety.44YOO-DISCOURSESOFENGLISHASANOFFICIALLANGUAGEINSOUTHKOREABycriticallyexaminingpublic