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ID:23323949
大小:131.00 KB
页数:22页
时间:2018-11-06
《交通工程专业英语翻译(全)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、Unit1TheEvolutionofTransport交通工具的演化Theevolutionoftransporthasbeencloselylinkedtothedevelopmentofhumankindthroughouttheearth’shistory.Transport’searlyfunctionwastomeetthebasicneedofhaulingfoodsuppliesandbuildingmaterials.Butwiththeformationoftribes,thenpeoples,andfinallynat
2、ions,thesocietalandeconomicfunctionsoftransportbecamemoreandmorecomplex.Atfirsttherewasmobilityrequiredforindividuals,clans,households,andanimalstoprotectthemagainst,andtoescapefrom,thedangersofnaturaldisastersandtribalaggressions,andinthesearchforthebestplacestosettle.Ast
3、ribalgroupsformedandgraduallyestablishedtheirgeographicalidentity,transportwasincreasinglyneededtoopenupregionsfordevelopment,toprovideaccesstonaturalresources,topromoteintercommunaltrade,andtomobilizeterritorialdefense.Whenthefirstnationscameintobeing,transportplayedamajo
4、rroleinestablishingnationalintegrity.交通工具的演变紧密相连的人类在整个地球的历史发展。运输署早期功能是满足基本需要搬运粮食供应和建材等领域。但随着部落,然后人民,和最后国家形成,运输的社会和经济功能变得越来越复杂。在第一次有流动性所需的个人、宗族、家庭和动物保护他们免遭,和逃避危险自然灾害和部落的侵略行为,并在寻找最好的地方定居。部落群体形成和逐步确立其地理特征,运输日益需要开放地区的发展,以提供对天然资源,促进族裔间的贸易,并调动本土防卫的访问。当第一次的联合国应运而生时,运输发挥了重要的作用,建立民
5、族气节Afterbasicsocietalneedshadgenerallybeenattendedto,localcommunitiescouldincreasinglydevotetheireffortstoenhancingtheireconomic,cultural,andtechnologicaldevelopmentthroughtradelinkswithotherpeoplesandregions.Again,transportprovidedthemobilityrequiredforsuchintertribal,int
6、ernational,andfinallyintercontinentalculturalexchangeandtrade.Duringallofthisgradualdevelopmenttowardanorganizedhumansociety,representedtodaythroughtheinternationalfamilyofnations,transportasphysicalprocessofmovingpeopleandgoods,thuspromotingsuchdevelopment,continuouslyund
7、erwenttechnologicalandorganizationalchanges.Suchchangeswereinducedbyseveralfactorsandcircumstances.Infact,today’stransportinitsvariousformsandorganizationalarrangementsremainshighlysubjecttochangesinresponsetosocietalrequirementsandpreferences.基本社会需求大体上已照顾到后,当地社区可能会越来越多地致力
8、于加强贸易联系通过与其他民族和地区经济、文化和科技发展共同。再次,运输提供所需的这种部落之间、国际和洲际最后的文化交流和贸易的流动。在所有有组织的人类社会,今天代表国际大家庭,交
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