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1、AnAnalysisofCausesforTess'sTragedy1.Introduction1.1AbriefintroductiontoHardy1.1.1HardyandhislifeenvironmentSonofamason,ThomasHardy(1840-1928)wasborninDrossier,southwestofEngland,theareathatlaterbecamethefamous“Wessex”inmanyofhisnovels.ItwasfromhisparentsthatHardygainedallinter
2、eststhatwouldappearinhisnovelsandhisownlife:hisloveforarchitectureandmusic,hisinterestinlifestylesofcountryside,aswellashispassionforallsortsofliterature.Hewasagreatcriticalrealistinthelate19thcentury—theVictorianAge,duringwhichgreatchangeshadhappenedinthehistoryofwesterncivil
3、ization.Asiswellknown,agreatsocialreformationtookplaceinBritain.Thevarioussocialfactorsincludingreligion,politics,science,influencedpeopleandtriedtotransformtheirmentality.Capitalismwashighlydevelopedandstretchedtothevastcountryside,andtheBritishpeoplewerestrugglingforabrightf
4、uturebravelyanddifficultly.ItwasduringthisspecialperiodthatThomasHardyinheritedanddevelopedtheVictorianliterature,producingalotofgreatnovels.1.1.2.Hardy'sphilosophicalidea—fatalismandhisnovelsInhislife,Hardyhaswrittenmanynovels.HismajorworksareTheReturnoftheNative(1878),TheMay
5、orofCasterBridge(1886),TessoftheD'Urbervilles(1891),andJudetheObscure(1896),thelattertwoconsideredmasterpieces.Hardy'snovelsareallsetagainsttheglumandfrightfulDorsetlandscape(knownasWessexinthenovels),whosephysicalharshnessrevealpeople’sindifferent,thoughnotmaliciousmood.Thech
6、aractersofhisnovels,forthemajorpartofthepoorerruralclasses,aresympatheticallyandoftenhumorouslyportrayed.TheirlivesarerulednotonlybynaturebutalsobyrigidVictoriansocialconventions.Hardy'sstyleisaccordinglyroughhewn,sometimes-17-awkward,butalwayscommandingandintense.Histhoughtha
7、dbeenadequatelyexpressedinnovels.Hardy'svisionreflectsaworldinwhichVictoriancomplacenciesweredyingbutitsmoralswerenot,andinwhichsciencehadeliminatedthecomfortingcertaintiesofreligion.Everythinginhisstoryleadstooneinevitabletragicending.One’spersonalitydeterminesone’sfate,asiso
8、pined,thustheheroesandheroinesinHardy’snovelsaremostlyruralme
