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1、TheTheoriesaboutInternationalTradeandInvestmentInternationaltradeisexchangeofcapital,goods,andservicesacrossinternationalbordersorterritories.[1]Inmostcountries,itrepresentsasignificantshareofgrossdomesticproduct.Whileinternationaltradehasbeenpresentthroughoutmuchofhistory(seeSilkRoad
2、,AmberRoad),itseconomic,social,andpoliticalimportancehasbeenontheriseinrecentcenturies.Industrialization,advancedtransportation,globalization,multinationalcorporations,andoutsourcingareallhavingamajorimpactontheinternationaltradesystem.Increasinginternationaltradeiscrucialtothecontinu
3、anceofglobalization.Internationaltradeisamajorsourceofeconomicrevenueforanynationthatisconsideredaworldpower.Withoutinternationaltrade,nationswouldbelimitedtothegoodsandservicesproducedwithintheirownborders.Internationaltradeandinvestmentarekeychannelsforclosereconomicintegrationandbe
4、ttermateriallivingstandards.Empiricalworkhasexaminedtheselinks.OtherworkrelatestotheanalysisandassessmentofworldtradeandtradeandpaymentsrelationshipsbetweentheOECDandtherestoftheworld.TheInternationalTradeandInvestmentProgramdoesresearchonpatternsofinternationaltradeandforeigndirectin
5、vestment;policiesdesignedtoinfluencetheleveloftradeandinvestment;andtheirconsequencesonimportingandexportingcountries,suchasfortheirwages,growth,theenvironment,andsoon.Fourmaintheoriesaboutinternationaltradeandinvestmentincludingmercantilismtheory,absoluteadvantagetheory,thetheoryofco
6、mparativeadvantageandtheproductlifecycle。MercantilismMercantilismisbourgeoisoriginaleconomictheory,isintheeighteenthcentury,intheEuropeanpopularpoliticalandeconomicsystem.TheemergenceanddevelopmentoftheprimitiveaccumulationofcapitalinEurope,reflecttheperiodofbusinesscapitalrequirement
7、sandinterests.Itscapitalistmodeofproductionintheoriginaltheory.Mercantilistsbelievedthattogetthiswealth,hadbetterbecontrolledbythegovernment,commercialandmanufacturing;agriculturalThedevelopmentofforeigntrademonopolies,ThroughthehighGuanShuiLvandothertraderestrictionstoprotectdomestic
8、marke
