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ID:22922158
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页数:11页
时间:2018-11-01
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1、一、绪论 语言学的定义 语言学的研究范畴 几对基本概念 语言的定义 语言的甄别特征 Whatislinguistics?什么是语言学? Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Itstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesingeneral.语言学是对语言科学地进行研究的学科。语言学所要研究的不是某一种特定的语言,而是人类所有语言的特性。 Thescopeoflinguistics语言学研究的范畴 Phone
2、tics语音学Phonology音系学Morphology形态学Syntax句法学Semantics语义学Pragmatics语用学Sociolinguistics社会语言学Psycholinguistics心理语言学Appliedlinguistics应用语言学 Prescriptivevs.descriptive规定性与描述性 Descriptive:alinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse. Prescriptive:itaimslay
3、downrulesfor"correct"behavior. Modernlinguisticsisdescriptive;itsinvestigationsarebasedonauthentic,andmainlyspokendata. Traditionalgrammarisprescriptive;itisbasedon"high"writtenlanguage Synchronicvs.diachronic共时性与历史性 Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisasynchronicst
4、udy Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisadiachronicstudy Inmodernlinguistics,synchronicstudyseemstoenjoypriorityoverdiachronicstudy. Speechandwriting口头语与书面语 Speechenjoyspriorityoverwritinginmodernlinguisticsstudyforthefollowingreasons: (1)speechprecedeswriting
5、intermsofevolution (2)alargeamountofcommunicationiscarriedoutinspeechtaninwriting (3)speechistheforminwhichinfantsacquiretheirnativelanguage Languageandparole语言与言语 Languagereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity Parolereferstotherealizati
6、onoflanguageinactualuse Competenceandperformance能力与运用 Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealusers'knowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage Performance:theactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication Whatislanguage?什么是语言? Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuma
7、ncommunication Characteristicsoflanguage:语言的特性 Languageisarule-governedsystem Languageisbasicallyvocal Languageisarbitrary(thefactdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisagoodillustrationofthearbitrarynatureoflanguage.Thisconventionalnatureoflanguageiswellillu
8、stratedbyafamousquotationfromShakespeare'splay"Romeoan
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