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1、WORD格式可编辑Chapter31.Homehas1200unitsoflaboravailable.Itcanproducetwogoods,applesandbananas.Theunitlaborrequirementinappleproductionis3,whileinbananaproductionitis2.a.Graphouttheproductionpossibilitiesfrontier:b.Whatistheopportunitycostofapplesintermsofbananas?c.Intheabsenceoftrade,whatwo
2、uldthepriceofapplesintermsofbananasbe?Intheabsenceoftrade,sincelaboristheonlyfactorofproductionandsupplydecisionsaredeterminedbytheattemptsofindividualstomaximizetheirearningsinacompetitiveeconomy,onlywhenwillbothgoodsbeproduced.So2.Homeisasdescribedinproblem1.Thereisnowalsoanothercount
3、ry,Foreign,withalaborforceof800.Foreign’sunitlaborrequirementinappleproductionis5,whileinbananaproductionitis1.a.GraphForeign’sproductionpossibilitiesfrontier:b.Constructtheworldrelativesupplycurve.WORD格式可编辑3.Nowsupposeworldrelativedemandtakesthefollowingform:Demandforapples/demandforba
4、nanas=priceofbananas/priceofapples.a.Graphtherelativedemandcurvealongwiththerelativesupplycurve:∵Whenthemarketachievesitsequilibrium,wehave∴RDisahyperbolab.Whatistheequilibriumrelativepriceofapples?TheequilibriumrelativepriceofapplesisdeterminedbytheintersectionoftheRDandRScurves.RD:RS:
5、∴WORD格式可编辑∴c.Describethepatternoftrade.∵∴Inthistwo-countryworld,Homewillspecializeintheappleproduction,exportapplesandimportbananas.Foreignwillspecializeinthebananaproduction,exportbananasandimportapples.d.ShowthatbothHomeandForeigngainfromtrade.InternationaltradeallowsHomeandForeigntoc
6、onsumeanywherewithinthecoloredlines,whichlieoutsidethecountries’productionpossibilityfrontiers.Andtheindirectmethod,specializinginproducingonlyoneproductionthentradewithothercountry,isamoreefficientmethodthandirectproduction.Intheabsenceoftrade,Homecouldgainthreebananasbyforegoingtwoapp
7、les,andForeigncouldgainbyoneforegoingfivebananas.Tradeallowseachcountrytotradetwobananasforoneapple.HomecouldthengainfourbananasbyforegoingtwoappleswhileForeigncouldgainoneapplebyforegoingonlytwobananas.SobothHomeandForeigngainfromtrade.4.Supposethatinsteadof1200workers,Homehad