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ID:22809274
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页数:9页
时间:2018-10-31
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1、InternationalTradeTheoriesChapter3ModernTradeTheories(2)Thischapterexaminesfourmoremoderntradetheories:theH-Otheoryoffactorendowments,Leontiefparadox,theproductlife-cycletheoryandthe“Gravity”oftrademodel.TheHeckscher-OhlinTheory(ofFactorEndowment)(1)ThemeaningoftheHeckscher-OhlintheoryAlthoughsometi
2、mesthistheoryisalsoreferredtoastheHeckscher-Ohlinmodelorthefactorendowmentmodel,moreoftenthatnotitiscalledtheHeckscher-OhlintheoryorsimplytheH-Otheory.H-Otheoryisoneofthemostinfluentialtheoriesinmoderninternationaleconomicsaccordingtowhichinternationaltradeislargelydrivenbydifferencesincountries’res
3、ources(land,laborandcapital).Thistheoryiscalledthisway,becauseitisdevelopedbythetwowell-knownSwedisheconomists,EliHeckscherandhisstudent,BertilOhlin(HereceivedtheNobelprizeineconomicsin1977).(2)MajorpointsofviewintheH-OtheoryThefollowingisabriefintroductiontothechiefpointsofviewmadebyHeckscherandOhl
4、in.●Differentnationshavedifferentfactorendowmentsanddifferentfactorendowmentsexplaindifferencesinfactorcosts.●Differencesinrelativefactorendowmentsandfactorpriceconstitutethemostimportantexplanationofthebasisfor(international)trade.●Anationwillexportthecommodityintheproductionofwhicharelativelargeam
5、ountofitsrelativelyabundantandcheapresourcesisused.Converselyitwillimportscommoditiesintheproductionofwhicharelativelylargeamountofitsrelativelyscarceandexpensiveresourcesisused.●Withtradetherelativedifferencesinresourcespricesbetweennationstendtobeeliminatedortobeequalizedasresultofcontinuousspecia
6、lizationintheproductionofthecommodityofanation’scomparativeadvantage.●H-Otheoryalsoemphasizestheinterplaybetweentheproportionsinwhichdifferentfactorsofproductionareavailableindifferentcountriesandproportionsinwhichtheyareusedinproducingdifferentgoodsorcommodities.ThatiswhytheHeckscher-Ohlintheoryiss
7、ometimesalsoreferredtoasthefactor-proportionstheory.9(3)ComparisonbetweentheH-OtheoryandRicardo’stheoryofcomparativeadvantage●MainsimilarityLikeRicardo’stheoryH-Otheoryalsoarguesthatfreetradeisbenefic
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