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时间:2018-10-31
《英语动名词用法剖析》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、英语动名词用法剖析摘要:非谓语动词是中学英语语法学习之重点和难点。非谓语动词就是由动词变来但不能作谓语的一种特殊形式,但非谓语动词可以带自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词有分词、动名词和动词不定式三种。本文主要分析动名词作主语、宾语、表语和定语的句法功能,动名词的时态语态、否定式以及动名词复合结构等用法,旨在更好地引导学生掌握动名词的用法。关键词:动名词;句法功能;时态语态;否定式;复合结构一、动名词的功能动名词具有名词的特征,但仍保留动词的性质,因此可以带自己的宾语、状语以及逻辑主
2、语,构成动名词短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。1.作主语动名词及动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;当动名词短语较长时通常用it作形式主语,而动名词短语放置其后作真正主语,经常连用的词有use,useful,useless,good等,如:ReadingEnglishnewspapersisagoodwaytoimproveEnglishreadingcomprehension.Itisnousearguingwithsuchanuneducatedwoman.Itisgoodgetti
3、ngupearlyandplayingtabletenniseverymorning.Itisawasteoftimeplayingcomputergamesfrommorningtillnight.2.作宾语(1)作动词宾语。有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语,常见的云力i司有:admit,allow,appreciate,advise,avoid,risk,celebrate,complete,consider,excuse,deny,escape,enjoy,suggest,forbid,miss
4、,finish,imagine,keep,practice,mind,putoff,insiston,giveup,permit,keepon,beworth等。如:Ourschooldoesn’tallowsmokinganddrinkingatanytime.Shepracticedplayingthepianoyesterdayanddidn’tgooutforawholeday.Themovieiswellworthseeingforasecondtime.(1)作介词宾语。动名词也可作介
5、词宾语,当作介词宾语时,要注意含有介词to的短语,因为这些短语经常容易与动词不定式混淆。常用短语有:leadto,devoteto,lookforwardto,getdownto,beusedto,objectto,stickto等。另外还有一些固定用法中,介词经常省略,像havedifficultytroubleproblempleasurefunagoodtimeabadtime(in)doing;preventstopsb.(from)doing;protectguards
6、avedefendsb.(fromagainst)doing;spendwaste.”(in)doing;bebusy(in)doing等。如:Sheisnotverygoodatdancingorsingingbutsheplaysbasketballquitewell.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothehighwaymanbeingcaught.ThegreatAfricanwomandevotedherwholelifetostudyingandprot
7、ectingwildanimals.It’stimeforustogetdowntodoingsomeresearchaboutourmethods.Thedriverhadnodifficulty(in)findingtheplacebecauseofhisgoodsenseofdirection.Wemusttakemeasurestopreventpeople(from)pollutingtheenvironment.You’dbetterprotectyourself(from)being
8、attackedbysomeinsects.StudentsinChinausuallyspendmorethanthreehours(in)finishingtheirhomeworkeveryday.Myteacherisbusywritingabookthesedays,soheseldomcomestoseeusintheclassroom.(1)有些动词后跟动名词和不定式作宾语意义相同,区别仅仅在于:动名词表示概念或者习惯性,而动词不定式则往往表示具体动作和过程,有时候也
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