世纪文论概述与作品分析

《世纪文论概述与作品分析》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。

1、I.RussianFormalismvGenerallyTheRussianFormaliststhoughtofliteratureasaspecialuseoflanguage,butwhatmeritsourattentionisthatRussianFormalismisbynomeansmonolithic.vOriginandhistoricalbackground.RussianFormaliststudieswerewellestablishedbeforethe1917Rev.–intheMoscowLinguisticCircle

2、,founded1915.TheinitialimpetuswasprovidedbytheFuturistssuchasMayakovskywhoemphasizedtheartist’sroleas(proletarian)producerofcraftedobjects.vEarlystage:Shklovsky--“defamiliarization”,“layingbaretechnique”andplot(sjuzet)vs.story(fabula).üTheFormalists’technicalfocusledthemtotreat

3、literatureasaspecialuseoflanguagewhichachievesitsdistinctnessbydeviatingfromanddistorting‘practical’language.Practicallanguageisusedforactsofcommunication,whileliterarylanguagehasnopracticalfunctionatallandsimplymakesusseedifferently.…Poetryexercisesacontrolledviolenceuponpract

4、icallanguage,whichistherebydeformedinordertocompelourattentiontoitsconstructednature.Shklovskycalledthis‘defamiliarization’(estrangement,makingstrange).Hearguedthatwecanneverretainthefreshnessofourperceptionsofobjects;thedemandsof‘normal’existencerequirethattheymustbecometoagre

5、atextent‘automatized’.TheFormalistswerefondofcitingtwoEnglish18thcenturywriters,LaurenceSterneandJonathanSwiftasexemplarsoftheartofdefamiliarization.üInhismonographonSterne’sTristramShandy,Shklovskydrawsattentiontothewaysinwhichfamiliaractionsaredefamiliarizedbybeingsloweddown,

6、drawnoutorinterrupted….Thisemphasisontheactualprocessofpresentationiscalled‘layingbare’one’stechnique.ManyreadersfindSterne’snovelirritatingforitscontinualreferencestoitsownnovelisticstructure,but‘layingbare’itsowndevicesis,inShklovsky’sview,themostessentiallyliterarythinganove

7、lcando.‘Defamiliarization’and‘layingbare’arenotionswhichdirectlyinfluencedBertolBrecht’sfamous‘alienationeffect’.üplot(sjuzet)vs.story(fabula).AcarefullyorderedAristotelianplotshouldgiveustheessentialandfamiliartruthsofhumanlife;itshouldbeplausibleandhaveacertaininevitability.T

8、heRussianformalists,ontheotherhand,oftenlinkedtheoryof