《英语文体学要略》word版

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1、Chapter1IntroductionDefinitionofStylisticsAreasonablestartforabookofthisnatureistobrieflyexaminehowthefieldhasbeendefined.Walesdefinesstylisticssimplyas"thestudyofstyle"(1989:437).Thisdefinitionisclearandconcise,butitdoesnottellusmuchaboutthefielduntilwehavehadagooddiscussionof

2、whatstyleis.Widdowsonprovidesamoreinformativedefinition:"Bystylistics,ImeanthestudyofliterarydiscoursefromalinguisticorientationandIshalltaketheviewthatwhatdistinguishesstylisticsfromliterarycriticismontheonehandandlinguisticsontheotheristhatitisessentiallyameansoflinkingthetwo

3、"(1975:3).Hefurtherexplainsthedefinitionfromthemorphologicalmake-upofthewordstylistics,pointingoutthatthe'styl'componentrelatesstylisticstoliterarycriticism,andthe'is-tics'componenttolinguistics.Leechholdsasimilarview.Hedefinesstylisticsasthe"studyoftheuseoflanguageinliterature

4、"(1969:1),andconsidersstylisticsa"meeting-groundoflinguisticsandliterarystudy"(1969:2).FromwhatWiddowsonandLeechsay,wecanseethatstylisticsisanareaofstudywhichstraddlestwodisciplines:literarycriticismandlinguistics.Ittakesliterarydiscourse(text)asitsobjectofstudyanduseslinguisti

5、csasameanstothatend.Thusdefined,wemayexcludetwokindsof'borderline'studies,workwhichisinsomewayslinguisticallyorientedbutnotdirectlyrelatedtoliteraryinterpretation(e.g.computer-orientedstudyofauthorship),andworkwhichisclaimedtodealwithstylebutdoesnotmakeuseoflinguisticfactsandth

6、eory.EmergenceofStylisticsasanInterdisciplinaryFieldofStudyThedatewhenstylisticsbecameafieldofacademicinquiryisdifficulttodetermine.However,itmaybesaidthatitwasnotuntilthelate1950'sthatstylisticsbegantoadvancewithsignificantandmeasurablestrides.In1958,thefirstconferenceonstylis

7、ticswasheldatIndianaUniversity,U.S.A.andelevenyearslater,anotherconferencewhichattractedspecialistsfromovertencountrieswasconvenedinBellagio,Italy.Thepaperspresentedanddiscussedatbothconferenceswerecharacterizedbysystematicandobjectiveanalysisofthelanguageofliteratureandwerelat

8、erpublished.Thisgreatlyhelpedstylisticstogainpopularit