土壤中有毒物质对宿根甘蔗苗期黄化的效应研究

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1、土壤中有毒物质对宿根甘蔗苗期黄化的效应研宄摘要：为探明宿根甘鹿(SaccharumofficinarumL.)发生黄化的原因，遏制黄化现象的蔓延，对宿根甘蔗苗期发生黄化较严重的产地进行实地调查，并采样分析各产地宿根正常苗种植地、宿根黄化苗种植地和新植蔗苗种植地的甘蔗根系、叶片与土壤的各项生理生化指标。结果表明，宿根黄化苗种植地的土壤酚酸含量高于宿根正常苗种植地和新植蔗苗种植地，宿根甘蔗黄化苗的根系细胞严重受损，根系细胞膜透性显著高于宿根甘蔗正常苗和新植蔗苗，根系活力弱；叶片活性铁含量、硝酸还原酶活性和叶绿素含量则低于正常苗和新植苗。说明长期连作导致土壤

2、酚酸类有毒物质大量积累，甘蔗根系中毒，根系受损细胞膜透性增大，大量内容物外渗，死亡的根细胞残体和根系分泌物又加速有毒物质的积累；而植株吸收过量的锰和铝后，降低了甘蔗叶片的硝酸还原酶活性，抑制了甘蔗正常的氮代谢；植株发育不良对新根的萌发和生长也不利，造成植株体内铁锰比例失衡，阻碍宿根甘蔗对铁的吸收与活化，最终宿根甘蔗幼苗因缺铁而出现黄化。关键词：甘蔗(SaccharumofficinarumL.)；土壤；有毒物质；黄化病中图分类号：S435.661.3+5文献标识码：A文章编号：0439-8114(2016)14-3641-07DOI：10.14088/

3、j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.14.025Abstract：Inordertoexplorethereasonsforetiolationofperennialsugarcane(SaccharumofficinarumL.)seedingsandcurbitspreading，fourregionswheretheetiolationphenomenonisseriouswereinvestigated；thensoil,leavesandrootssampleswerecollectedfromnormalfields，eti

4、olatedfieldsandnewlyplantingfieldsofsugarcanetoanalyzetheirphysiologicalandbiochemicalindicators.Resultsshowedthatthesoilphenolicacidscontentinetiolatedfieldswashigherthaninnormalfieldsandnewplantingfields；therootsofetiolatedperennialsugarcaneseedlingsweredamagedseriously；androo

5、tsmembranepermeabilitywashigherthannormalandnewplantingsugarcaneseedlings；rootssystemvitalityofetiolatedseedlingswasweak；andactivateFecontent，nitratereductaseactivityandchlorophyllcontentinleaveswaslowerthannormalandnewplantingseedlings.Continuouscroppingforalongtimeledtophenoli

6、cacidsaccumulation,whichinfectedrootssystem，sothatthemembranepermeabilityofrootssystemincreased，lotsofcontentsexuded.Thedeadrootcellsandrootsecretioncouldaccelerateaccumulationoftoxicsubstances.OncetheplantsabsorbedexcessMnandAbitcouldreducedthenitratereductaseactivityandinhibit

7、nitrogenmetabolismofsugarcane.Thegerminationandgrowthofnewrootsweredepressedduetotheplants*poordevelopment.TheproportionofFeandMnwasimbalancedintheplants，whichhinderedthesugarcaneformabsorbingandactivatingFe.Atlast，theperennialsugarcaneyoungsootwenttoetiolateforshortofFe.Keyword

8、s:sugarcane(SaccharumofficinarumL.);soil；toxics