爱因斯坦的论文【关于布朗运动理论】

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1、-INVESTIGATIONSONTHETHEORY,THEBROWNIANMOVEMENTALBERTEINSTEIN,EDITEDWITHBYnewedition,publishedanunabridgedunalteredrepublicationoftheTRANSLATEDBYtranslationfirst:publishedinItispublishedA.D.COWPERMethuenandandtheAlbertEinstein.ManufacturedtheUnited'StatesWITHDIAGRAMSofAmeri

2、ca.DOVERPUBLICATIONS,INVESTIGATIONSONTHETHEORYOFTHEBROWNIANMOVEMENTONTHEMOVEMENTOFSMALLPARTICLESSUSPENDEDINASTATIONARYLIQUIDDEMANDEDBYTHEKINETICTHEORYOFHEATNthispaperitwillbeshownthataccordingtothemolecular-kinetictheoryofheat,bodiesofmicroscopically-visiblesizeinaliquidwi

3、llperformmovementsofsuchmagnitudethattheycanbeeasilyobservedinamicroscope,onaccountofthemolecularmotionsofheat.Itispossiblethatthemovementstobediscussedhereareidenticalwiththeso-calledBrownianmolecularmotionhowever,theinformationavailabletomeregardingthelatterissolackingin

4、precision,thatIcanformnojudgmentinthematterIfthemovementdiscussedherecanactuallybeobserved(togetherwiththelawsrelatingtoOFBROWNIANMOVEMENTMOVEMENTOFSMALLPARTICLESitthatonewouldexpecttofind),thenclassicalthermodynamics-atleastwhentheofgravitythermodynamicscannolongerbelooke

5、dupon(whichdoesnotinterestushere)isignored-weapplicableprecisiontobodiesevenofwouldnotexpecttofindanyforceactingonthedimensionsdistinguishableinamicroscopeanpartitionforaccordingtoordinaryconceptionsexactdeterminationofactualatomicdimensionsthefreeenergyofthesystemappearst

6、obeis#enpossible.Ontheotherhand,hadtheindependentofthepositionofthepartitionandpredictionofthismovementprovedtobein-ofthesuspendedparticles,butdependentonlycorrect,aweightyargumentwouldbeprovidedonthetotalmassandqualitiesofthesuspendedagainstthemolecular-kineticconceptiono

7、fheat.theliquidandthepartition,andonthepressureandtemperature.Actually,forthecal-I.ONTHEOSMOTICPRESSURETOASCRIBEDculationthefreeenergytheenergyandentropyTOTHESUSPENDEDPARTICLEStheboundary-surface(surface-tensionforces)Letanon-electrolytebeshouldalsobeconsideredthesecanbeex

8、cludeddissolvedinavolumeformingpartofaifthesizeandconditionofthesurfacesofcontactquantity