《图形联想创意》word版

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1、DiscussionQuestionsofSLAChapter1:Learningafirstlanguage1.Thinkofthreeorfour‘telegraphic’sentencesthatayoungchildmightproduce.ThesemaybeinEnglishoranotherlanguageyouknowwell.Howarethese‘littlesentences’similartothoseintheadultlanguage?Howaretheydifferent?Te

2、legraphicsentences:1:Mommyjuice.2:babyfalldown.3:Daddyuh-oh.Similarity:Thewordorderreflectsthewordofthelanguagetheyarehearing,whichissimilartoadults’.Difference:Ayoungchildistendtoleaveoutsuchthingsasarticles,prepositions,andauxiliaryverbs.2.Researchershav

3、eusedbothlongitudinalandcross-sectionalapproachestoinvestigatetheorderofacquisitionofgrammaticalmorphemesinEnglishbyyoungchildren.Describetheseapproachesinyourownwords.Whatarethechallengesandthepotentialbenefitsofeach?Longitudinalapproach:aapproachwhichstu

4、diesthesamelearnersoveranextendedperiodoftime.Cross-sectionalapproach:aapproachwhichstudiesdifferentlearnersatthesametime.(e.g.Someoneusescross-sectionalapproachtostudychildrenatdifferentagesandstagesofdevelopment.)Forlongitudinalapproach,itsbenefitisthati

5、tshowstheevidenceforadevelopmentalsequenceororderofacquisition.Itschallengeisthatitfailtofullydemonstratethatchildrendonotmasterthemorphemesatthesamerate.Forcross-sectionalapproach,itsbenefitisthatitfullydemonstratesthatchildrenwhoaccuratelyusethe‘late’mor

6、phemescanusethe‘early’morphemesaccurately.Buttheverseisnottrue.3.Whatisthe‘wugtest’?WhatdothefindingsfromthewugtesttellusaboutChildren’sdevelopinglanguage?Whatadvantagesdoesthewugtesthaveoverstudiesthatobservechildren’slanguageinnaturalsettings?Canyouthink

7、ofsomedisadvantages?Wugtest:atestbywhichchildrendemonstratethattheyactuallyknowtherulesofmorphology.e.g.Childrenareshownpicturesofimaginarycreatureswithnovelnamesorpeopleperformingmysteriousactions.Forexample,theyaretold,’Hereisawug.Nowtherearetwoofthem,th

8、erearetwo___.’-14-Findings:Bycompletingthesentencesinwugtest,childrendemonstratethattheyactuallypossessimplicitknowledgeoflinguisticmorphology,whichfightsagainstbehaviorism.Advantagesanddisadvantages:Acritica