英国国家概况总结.docx

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1、人物1KingAlfredtheGreat,849-899KingAlfredbuiltthefirstEnglishnavy·AlfredwasadevoutChristian·HedefeatedtheDanesin886,forcedthemtowithdrawtoNEthirdofEngland,andconvertedmanytoChristianity·Establishedschools&repairedmonasteries·InvitedscholarstocometoEngland·Learnedtoreadandw

2、riteLatin&English·TranslatedScripturesintolanguageofhispeople2WilliamtheConqueror§FirstNormankingofEngland,1066-1087§EndedAnglo-SaxonrulebydefeatingKingHaroldGodwinsonatBattleofHastings,1066§Williamruledautocratically–broughtchurch&baronsunderhispersonalcontrol§ReplacedE

3、nglishbishopswithNormans§Distributedlandtorewardhisfollowers§BuiltcastlesthroughoutEnglandtocontrolhostilepopulation§BeginningsofEnglishFeudalism§Williamhadnopermanentresidence§HetravelledaroundEnglandtosurveyhisdomainanddemonstratehispower§Heheldcourt&amajorfestival3tim

4、esayearin3differenttowns§Normanswereaforeignarmyofoccupation§Theybuiltmanycastlestoprotectthemselvesandcontrolthepopulation§KingWilliamorderedasurveyofland&propertyinEnglandin1085§Heusedittosettaxes÷largeestatesamonghisfollowers§Anglo-Saxonnobilitymostlykilledorfle

5、d§Anglo-Saxoncommonersmostlybecameserfs§Kepttheirownlanguage&manyoftheircustoms§3languagesinEngland:French(spokenbynobility),OldEnglish/Anglo-Saxon(commoners),Latin(scholars&church)§Someoppression,thenintermingling§Normans&Anglo-Saxonsgraduallybecameunitedpeople3ThomasBe

6、cket§此人开始和国王一起，吃喝嫖赌。最后为了巩固国王在教会的地位被任命为主教。然后受到了上帝的感化，改邪归正。为上帝而战而非王权。和国王翻脸。在祷告是被几个贵族刺死。人们追他为圣人。对国王的行为很不满。最后国王认错。表示自己酒后之言并非真心。他的事迹被收到一本书中。GeoffreyChaucer,CanterburyTales,14004KingEdwardI,1272-1307§Greatimperialist§Son&successorofHenryIII§ConqueredWales,1277-1283§Eldestson&h

7、eirgiventitlePrinceofWales§BuiltmanycastlesalongWelshborder§DevotedmostofhisreigntoconqueringScotland§EdwardIinvadedScotland1296§WilliamWallace(Braveheart)opposedhim§Wallaceknownforgreatstrength&courage5JohnWycliffe&theLollards§Oxfordprofessor§Challengedcorruption&somebe

8、liefsofRomanCatholicchurch§Movementdiverseandincreasinglyradical§LollardspreachedequalityofmenbeforeGod