6、otapes?=Whynotlistentotapes?2.by的用法a.介词 prep. (指交通等)乘;例:The man came by bus. 那人是坐公共汽车来的。They went to Shanghai by plane/air. 他们坐飞机去上海。b.表示做某事的方式、方法结构:by+V-ingHowdoyoustudyforatest?Istudybymakingwordcards.3.现在完成时态结构:havedone表示例:Haveyoueverstudiedwithagroup?5.It’s+adj+(forsb)todosth(it