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1、ReviewsontheprincipleofeffectivenationalityI.IntroductionInaportanceofindividualprotectionduringtheprocessesconcurrentlyincreases.Nationalityistheprincipallinkbetaticprotectionbyhisparentstate.Butduetodoublenationality,therearelotsofdifficultiestoeffectivediplomaticprotectionofindividuals.Theprinc
2、ipleofeffectivenationalityedthroughthejudicialpracticeofinternationalcourtofjustice.eaningoftheprincipleofeffectivenationality?Isitaperfecttheoryinthefaceofdiplomaticprotectionofdualnational?Inthisarticle,theauthorportancetoindividuals,especiallyainlinkbeteextent,individualsarenotthesubjectsofinte
3、rnationallainternationallaediumoftheirnationalitythatindividualscannormallyenjoybenefitsfrominternationallaoflocalormunicipallainedbythelaininganypointsrelatingtothismatter,soitisbeyondsurprisingthatanindividualmayprocessmorethanonenationalityaseasilyasnoneatall.Butinationbyeachstateofthegrantofit
4、soaticprotectioninsomethirdstate,thatstateisnotans.Inthissituation,thethirdstateisentitledtojudgeineunderitsoustberecognizedbyotherstatesonly“insofarasitisconsistent,andtheprincipleofla”case,theInternationalCourtofJusticeregardnationalityas:‘alegalbondhavingasitsbasisasocialfactofattachment,agenui
5、neconnectionofexistenceandsentiments,togetheraybeuponitisconferred,eitherdirectlybythelaorecloselyconnectedthecourt’sopinion,theprincipleofeffectivenationalitycameintobeing.Theessentialpartsofeffectiveandrealnationalityarethatportanceonecasetothenext:thehabitualresidenceoftheindividualconcernedisa
6、nimportantfactor,butthereareotherfactorssuchasthecentreofhisinterests,hisfamilies,hisparticipationinpubliclife,attachmentshoforagivencountryandinculcatedinhischildren,etc.Accordingtothisprinciple,nostateisunderobligationtorecognizeanationalitygrantednotmeetingtherequirementsofit.IntheNottebohmcase
7、,InternationalCourtofJusticefirstenunciatedthisprincipleanddeniedLiechtensteintherighttoprotectNottebohm.III.Nottebohmcaseandreviecase,involvingLiechtensteinandGuatemala,theformersoughtrestitutionandpensationonbe