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1、..1featureoflanguageLanguageishumanspecific.Allhumanlanguageshavecertaincharacteristicsincommonandlinguistshaveidentifiedthesecharacteristicsasdefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Thesefeatures,nowcalleddesignfeatures.Therearesevendesignfeaturesofhumanlanguag
2、ehavebeenidentifiedbytheeminentAmericanlinguists.C.F.Hockett:arbitrariness：thisreferstothefactthatthereisnologicalorintrinsicconnectionbetweenaparticularsoundandthemeningitisassociatedwith,duality:thisorganizationoflanguageintotwolevels-alevelofsoundscal
3、indcombineintothesecordleveloflargerunits-iscalleddaulity,productivity,:referstoman’sabilitywjichenableshimtoproduceduelunderstandaninfinitelynumberofsemencesinournativelanguage,,inclydingthesentenceswhichwereneverheardbefore,inter-changeability:refersto
4、thefactthatmorecanbothproduceandreceiveamessageshisrolesasaspeakercrolaheavercanbeexchangedofease,displacement,:isapropertyoflanguageenablingpeopletotakeabouttingsrenoteeitherinspaceorintimespecialization,:referstothefactthatmandoesnothaveatitalphysicali
5、ncowenentintheactofcommunicationculturetransmission:languageisculturallytransmitted,itcannotbetransmitted,throughnereding2BranchesoflinguisticsThemajorbranchesoflinguisticsincludephonetics,phonology,morphology,syntax,semantics,andpragmatics,whichcanbecal
6、ledmicrolinguistics.Thesociolinguistics,psycholinguistics,computactionallinguisticsarecalledmacrolinguisticsPhoneticsisthescienticstudyofspeechsounds,itstudieshowspeechsoundsarearticulated,transmittededreceived,phonology:istostudyofhowspeechsoundsfunctio
7、ninalanguage.ItstudingthewaysspeechssoundsareorganizesMorphology:thestudyofthefoemationofwordsyntaxdealswiththecombinationofwordsintophrases,clusesandsentancessemantics,:isabranchoflanguisheswhichisconcernedwiththestudyofmeaninginallitsformalaspects.prom
8、aticscanbedefinedasstudyoflanguageinuse.inabroadsense,itstudiestheprinciplesobsenedbyhumanbeingswhomtheycommonicatewithareanothersocialfactorsofinfluencethestructureanduseoflanguagepsycholingisthestudyoflanguagecue;mind:th
