土木工程专业dam坝大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

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1、毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：坝文献、资料英文题目：Dam文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：土木工程班级：姓名：学号：指导教师:翻译日期:2017.02.14毕业设计（论文）外文翻译DamAdamisastructurebuiltacross,river,orestuarytoretainwater.Itspurposesaretomeetdemandsforwaterforhumanconsumption，irrigation,orindustry;toreducepeakdischargeoffloodwater;toincre

2、aseavailablewaterstoredforgeneratinghydroelectricpower;ortoincreasethedepthofwaterinariversoastoimprovenavigation.Anincidentalpurposecanbetoproposecanbetoprovidealakeforrecreation.Auxiliaryworksatadammayincludespillways,gates,orvalvestocontrolthedischargeofsurpluswaterdownstreamformthedam;a

3、nintakestructureconductingwatertopowerstationortocanals,tunnels,orpipelinesformoredistantuse;provisionforevacuatingsiltcarriedintothereservoir;andmeansforpermittingshipsorfishtopassthedam.Adamthereforeisthecentralstructureinamultipurposeschemeaimingattheconservationofwaterresources.Themulti

4、purposedamholdsspecialimportanceintheunderdevelopedcounties,whereasmallnationmayreapenormousbenefitsinagricultureandindustryfromasingledam.Damsfallintoseveraldistinctclasses，byprofileandbybuildingmaterial.Thedecisionastowhichtypeofdambebuilddependslargelyonthefoundationconditionsinthevalley

5、andtheconstructionmaterialsavailable.Basically,thechoiceofmaterialsnowliesbetweenconcrete，soils，androckfill.Thoughanumberofdamswerebuiltinthepastofjointedmasonry，thispracticeisnowlargelyobsolete，Themonolithicformofconcretedamspermitsgreatervariationsinprofile，accordingtotheextentwaterpressu

6、reisresistedbythedeadweightofthestructure,istransferredlaterallytobuttresses，oriscarriedbyhorizontalarchingacrossthevalleytoabutmentsformedbythesidesofthevalley.BasicProblemsinDamDesignMostmoderndamscontinuetobeoftwobasictypes:masonry(concrete)andembankment(earthfill).Masonrydamsaretypicall

7、yusedtoblockstreamsrunningthroughnarrowgorges，asinmountainousterrain;thoughsuchdamsmaybeveryhigh，thetotalamountofmaterialrequiredislimited.Embankmentdamssrepreferredtocontrolbroadstreams，whereonlyaverylargebarrier，requiringagreatvolumeofmaterial，willsuff