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1、填空1.Stylisticsisabranchoflinguisticswhichappliesthetheoryandmethodologyofmodernlinguisticstothestudyofstyle.2.Languageisviewedasasystemofdifferenttypesoflinguisticorganizationsuchasphonology,syntaxandlexicon.Languageisalsoasocialphenomenon,orinstitution.3.Atextisanypassage,spok
2、enorwritten,ofwhateverlength,thatformsaunifiedwhole.4.Atextisrealizedbyasequenceoflanguageunits,whethertheyaresentencesornot.Theconnectionamongpartsofatextisachievedbyvariouscohesivedevices,andbysemanticandpragmaticimplication.5.Contextmaybelinguisticorextra-linguistic.Linguist
3、iccontextisalternativelytermedasco-text,whichreferstothelinguisticunitinatext.Extra-linguisticcontext(interchangeablewithcontextofsituation)referstotherelevantfeaturesofthesituationinwhichatexthasmeaning.6.Levelsoflinguisticdescription:thephonological/graphologicallevels;thelex
4、icogrammaticallevel.Phonologyisdefinedasthesystemofspeechsoundsinalanguage(phonemes,stress,rhythm,intonation).Graphologyreferstothewritingsystemofalanguage(spelling,punctuationmarks,capitalization,typestyle,etc.)Thelexicogrammaticalsystemconsistsofvocabularyandsyntacticstructur
5、es.7.Inthefirstplace,linguisticfeaturesofagiventextshouldbecomparedwithasetofrelativenormsoflanguageinuse.8.Thestudyofstyleisthestudyofdistinctions:lookingatwhatwassaidagainstwhatmighthavebeensaid.9.Thedistinctionofastylecannotbeperceivedwithoutcomparison.10.Elisionreferstotheo
6、missionofasoundorsoundsinspeech.Whenrenderedinwrittenform,elidedformsoftenbecomemarkersofaveryinformalorverycasualstyle,withahintofsloppinessandlazinessinspeech.11.Soundpatterningreferstothematchingofidenticalorsimilarsound(s)betweentwoormorewords.12.Variousaspectsofdesigningra
7、phology(e.g.punctuation,capitalization,spelling,paragraphing)areresourceswhichcanbeutilizedforcommunicativepurposes.13.Theuseofexclamationmarks:①Avocativeusedwithanexclamationmarkrepresentsurgentwarningorcommand.②Anexclamationmarkendinganimperativesentenceaddstotheperemptoryoru
8、rgentforceofacommand.③Thecombinationofquestionandexcla
