基础英语2001[试卷+答案]

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1、北京外国语大学2001年研究生入学考试基础英语试卷ⅠAnationdividedWhattodoabouttheeverwideninggulfbetweenrichandpoor?MortimerB.ZuckermanWearebecomingtwonations.Theprosperousarerapidlygettingmoreprosperousandthepoorareslowlygettingpoorer.GeorgeW.BushdidwelltorebukehispartywhenHouseRepublicansmaneuveredtobal

2、ancethebudgetbyproposingtodelaytheearnedincometaxcreditfortheworkingpoor—payingitinmonthlyinstallmentsratherthananannuallumpsum.“Idon’tthinktheyoughttobalancethebudgetonthebacksofthepoor,”Bushsaid.Instead,itistimeforaspiringleaderstoponderhowthetwonationsmightmorecloselybecomeone.

3、TheAmericaneconomyisgrowingdramatically.Butthisprosperityisbeingdistributedveryunevenly.TheAmericathatisdoingwellisdoingverywellindeed.Butmostbenefitshavegonetothosewhoworkinindustrieswherethemainproductisinformation.Thelosershavebeentheproducersoftangiblegoodsandpersonalservices—

4、eventeachersandhealthcareproviders.Thehigh-techinformationeconomyhasbeengrowingatapproximately10timestherateoftheolderindustrialeconomy.Ithasenjoyedsubstantialjobgrowth,thehighestproductivitygains（about30percentayear）,andbiggerprofits.Itcanthereforeaffordbiggerwagegains（aboutfourt

5、imesthatoftheoldereconomy）.Andthiswagegapislikelytowidenforyearstocome.Therichgetricher.Theconcentrationofwealthisevenmoredramatic.NewYorkUniversityeconomistEdwardWolffpointsoutthatthetop20percentofAmericansaccountformorethan100percentofthetotalgrowthinwealthfrom1983to1997whilethe

6、bottom80percentlost7percent.Anotherstudyfoundthatthetop1percentsawtheirafter-taxincomejump115percentinthepast22years.Thetopfifthhaveseenanafter-taxincreaseof43percentduringthesameperiodwhilethebottomfifthofallAmericans—includingmanyworkingmothers—haveseentheirafter-taxincomesfall9

7、percent.Theresultisthat4outof5households—some217millionpeople—willtakehomeathinnersliceoftheeconomicpiethantheydid22yearsago.TherearethosewhopointoutthattheseincomefiguresdonotfullyreflecttheimprovementinthestandardoflivingandsaythatattentionshouldbepaidtowhatAmericansown,whatthey

8、buy,andhowtheylive,Afairpoint.Two