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1、Chapter14Population,RaceandEthnicGroup人口与民族1.Introduction导言TheUnitedStatesofAmerica,withapopulationof255.5millioninJuly1992,isthethirdmostpopulouscountryintheworldafterChinaandIndia.Bytheyear2050,thepopulationisexpectedtoclimbto383million,a50%increase.Immigrationaccountsforamajorsourceof
2、populationgrowth.Almost20millionpeopleor7.8%ofthetotalpopulationwereimmigrantsin1992.IntheWesternUnitedStates,14.8%ofthepopulationisforeign-born;intheNortheast,10.3%;intheMidwest,3.6%;andintheSouth,5.3%.TheUnitedStateshadamoreorlessopen-doorpolicytoimmigrantsfromindependenceuntilthe1960s
3、.EllisIslandofNewYorkwasanimportantimmigrationreceptionspotinthe1890s.Between80%and90%ofimmigrationtotheUnitedStatesnowisfromAsianandHispanic(Spanish-speakingpeopleofanyrace)countries.Arizona,NevadaandFloridahavebeenthefastestgrowingstatesinpopulationforthelast20years.About77%ofthepopula
4、tionintheUnitedStateslivedinmorethan283cityareasin1988.Therewere21bigcitieswithapopulationover2million.ThebiggestcitywasNewYork,withapopulationofover18millionin1990,whichwasfollowedbyLosAngeles,Chicago,SanFranciscoandPhiladelphia.2.babyboom生育高峰ItreferstoasocialphenomenonintheUnitedStates
5、occurredbetween1946and1964.Afterthelowbirthrateinthetwodecadesendingin1945,camethehigherrateduringthe“babyboom”.Nearly80millionAmericanswereborninthisperiod.Thegroupbornintheearlierperiodof“babyboom”cametocollegeageinthe1960s,sotherewasswellofcollegestudents.Theybecamethemajorforceofthes
6、tudents’movementinthe1960s.3.Immigration移民ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefromEnglandandtheNetherlands,somerunningawayfromreligiousandpoliticalpersecution,somecomingasadventurersfromtheOldWorld(Europe)toseekabetterlife,someasindenturedservantswhohadtoworkforafixedtermfortheirmaste
7、rstorepaythecross-Atlanticfareanddebts.Thelargestimmigrationmovementdidnottakeplaceuntil1815.Thefirstofthesewavesbeganinthemid1810s,grewsteadilyduringthe1830sand40sandreachedthehighestpointin1845.EnglishoppressionandthePotatoFaminesof1845-49drove1.5millionIrishmenfromthei
