an examination of the main characters in heart of darkness with freud’s theory

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1、AnExaminationoftheMainCharactersinHeartofDarknessWithFreud’sTheory　　哈??滨师范大学西语学院　　【Abstract】JosephConrad，oneofthemostoutstandingEnglishnovelistsinthe20thcentury，wasborninPoland.Conradbeganhisliterarycareerbywritingshortstories.ThestoryistoldbyMarlowe，Conrad’sfamousnarrator，whosetaskistomakeavo

2、yagetotheinlandofAfricathroughtheCongoRiverandbringMr.Kurtz，asickivorytrader，backtoBelgium.ThejourneythatMarlowhasbeenthoughtissohorriblethatithaschangedMarlowintoadifferentman.AfterstudyingthisnovelwiththehelpofFreud’stheory，wecanfindthedarknessaswellasthebeautyinone’scharacter.Thisthesisanal

3、yzesthecharacteristicsofMarlowandKurtzinthreeaspectsthroughanumberofpracticalcases.　　【Keywords】Marlow；dark；lust；Freud’stheory　　1.TheIDPart　　SigmundFreud’sidpartisthesourceofthemotiveforcebehindthepleasureprinciple.Idisthehardestpartofcharacteristicsforpeopletocontrol，whichconsistsofallinnateim

4、pulsive.Itdoesnotdependonlogic，moralandvalue.Theprincipleofidisjusttopursuehappiness.　　Atthebeginning，Marlowjustwanttobearichman，whichcanmakehimhappy.Hetriedeverythingtogetwhathereallywant，soheaskedforhelpfromhisaunt.Inhiseyes，ifhecouldbeacaptainoftheboat，hewouldgainwealthlikeotherrichman.When

5、hewasachild，fromhisviewabouttheearth，wecanlearnthattheidpartbeganwhenhewasborn.AccordingtoFreud’sidpart，peopleareeagertopursuehappinesswhentheyareborn.Fromtheidpart，wecanfindthedarknessoftheimperialists.Thecruelimperialistsmadetheblackstobeslaves.Alsothecruelimperialistspressedandexploitthem，b

6、ywhichtheycanbewealthandtheiridpartcanbesatisfied.Withthepromotionofidpart，theybegantodosomeinhumanthingstowardspeoplelivedinAfrica.　　2.TheEgoPart　　FromtheLatinwordfor“I”，theegoisthepartofmindwhichreactstoexternalrealityandwhichapersonthinksofasthe‘self’.Theegotellsuswhatis‘real’.Itispractical

7、andrational，andisinvolvedindecisionmaking.Inegopart，peoplebegantorealizesomething.That’stosay，theywillformthevalueoftheworld.　　Duringthevoyage，hewitnessedthe“civilization”ofEuropean，whichmadehimdisgusting.Thetorturedblackmencameintohise