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1、Lesson2 AnOutlineIntroductiontoBritainandAmerica2.TheBritishGovernmentandPoliticsⅠ.TheBritishsystemofgovernment:ConstitutionalMonarchyⅡ.ParliamentⅢ.TheGovernmentandthecabinetⅣ.PoliticalPartiesⅤ.ElectionⅥ.TheJudiciaryⅠ.TheBritishsystemofgovernment:Consti
2、tutionalMonarchyThemonarchy(9thcentury)Theconstitutionalmonarchy(17th-)Themonarchreigns,butdoesnotruleTheroleofthemonarch1.Theoretically,theKingorQueenisthesourceofallgovernmentpowers.He/Sheistheheadofthelegislature,theexecutive,andthejudiciary,thecomma
3、nder-in-chiefofallarmedforces.Inreality,theKingorQueendoeseverythingontheadviceofthePrimeMinister,andhis/herroleissymbolic,ceremonial,andnotpolitical.Theroleofthemonarch2.ThemonarchisthepersonalembodimentoftheBritishgovernmentandasymbolofBritishunity,re
4、presentingthecontinuityofthewholepoliticalsystem.SothestabilityoftheBritishgovernmentowesmuchtothemonarchy.3.ThemonarchcanmeetthePMonweeklybasisatBuckinghamPalace,givetheRoyalAssenttoanynewlawthathasbeenpassedbyParliament,actasafinalcheckonagovernmentth
5、atisbecomingdictatorial.Theroleofthemonarch4.Asafigureheadtorepresentthecountry,themonarchcanperformthefollowingceremonialduties:payingstatevisitstoCommonwealthcountriesasheadofstateandnon-CommonwealthcountriesonbehalfoftheBritishgovernment,etc.Ⅱ.Parlia
6、mentTheroleofparliamentThecomponentsTheHouseofLords(TheUpperHouse)TheHouseofCommons(TheLowerHouse)Parliamentisthelaw-makingbodyofBritain.Strictlyspeaking,Parliamenttodayconsistsofthemonarch,theHouseofLords,andtheHouseofCommons.However,themonarchyisusual
7、lyregardedasaseparateinstitution.TheHouseofLordsTheHouseofLords(theUpperHouse),consistsoftheLordsSpiritual,includingarchbishopsandprominentbishopsoftheChurchofEngland,theLordsTemporal,includinghereditarypeersandlifepeerswhoaregrantednobletitlesbythemona
8、rchontheadviceofthePM,andtheLordsofAppealinOrdinary,morecommonlyknownastheLawLords,whoperformthejudicialfunctionsoftheHouseofLords.TheHouseofCommonsTheHouseofCommons(thelowerHouse),thecenteroftheparliamentpower,representsthe659ge
