综合改良对农田栽参土壤微生态环境的改善研究

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1、综合改良对农田栽参土壤微生态环境的改善研究　　[摘要]该文研究综合改良措施对农田栽参土壤微生态环境的影响，建立农田土壤改良的标准流程，以保证农田栽参的顺利开展。研究采用土壤消毒、绿肥回田和施肥改土相结合处理传统农田，通过观测土壤的理化性状、细菌群落多样性及人参生长指标等因素，发现综合改良措施可显著增加0～30cm土层有机质含量，降低土壤容重，增加0～20cm土壤营养元素含量，改变土壤细菌群落的多样性及组成，提高农田参苗存苗率，促进了人参生长。该研究表明土壤消毒、绿肥回田结合施肥改土的综合措施可有效改善农田土壤

2、微生态环境，为农田栽参顺利开展提供参考。　　[关键词]农田栽参；综合改良措施；微生态；土壤消毒；绿肥回田　　[Abstract]Thisstudyhasrevealedthechangeofthesoilmicro-ecologyoffarmlands，whichusedforginsengcultivation，broughtbycomprehensivesoilimprovement.Theprocessofsoilimprovementwasdescribedasfollows：soilwassteri

3、lizedusingtrichloronitromethane，andthenperillaseedswereplanted.Aftergrowingup，theperillaswereturnedoverintothefieldandfermented，thenorganicfertilizerwasadded.Rotarytillageswerecarriedoutduringtheintervals.Physicalandchemicalpropertiesoftreatedsoilweremeasur

4、ed，aswellasmicrobialdiversity，whichwasillustratedusing16shighthrough-putsequencing.Thesurvivalrateandgrowthdataofginsengseedlingswererecorded.Theanalysisshowedthatafterimprovement，thesoilorganicmattercontentwasincreasedandsoilbulkdensitywasdecreased，compare

5、tothecontrols，andthefertilityin0-20cmofsoillayerwasincreasedinthetreatment.Additionally，thesoilmicrobialdiversitywaschangedgreatly.Indetail，alphadiversityofthesoildecreasedaftersoilimprovementwhilethebetadiversityincreased.Inordertoverifytheachievementofsoi

6、limprovement，ginsengseedlingswereplanted.Comparedtotheuntreatedlandblocks，thesurvivalrateofginsengonimprovedblockswasincreasedupto21.4%，andtheginsengphysiologicalindexwereallbetterthanthecontrols.Resultsshowedthatcomprehensivesoilimprovementsincludingsoilst

7、erilization，greenmanureplantingandorganicfertilizationapplicationeffectivelyimprovedthesoilmicro-ecologyinfarmlands.Thisstudywillpavethewayforthefuturestandardizationofginsengcultivationonfarmlands.　　[Keywords]ginsengcultivationonfarmlands；comprehensivesoil

8、improvement；soilmicro-ecology；soilsterilization；greenmanureplanting　　人??PanaxginsengC.A.Mey是传统名贵药材，有“百草之王”的美誉，中国是人参主产国，其栽培面积和产量均居世界首位[1]。中国主要的栽参模式为伐林栽参，森林资源破坏性强，生态压力大，目前每年用于人参栽培所消耗的林地达上万亩[2]，很多老参区已基本无林