sarcopenia与运动干预

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1、Sarcopenia与运动和营养干预(i)Whatissarcopenia?(ii)Whatparametersdefinesarcopenia?(iii)Whatvariablesreflecttheseparameters,andwhatmeasurementtoolsandcut-offpointscanbeused?(iv)Howdoessarcopeniarelatetocachexia,frailtyandsarcopenicobesity?(v)Whatistheroleofnutritioni

2、npreventionandtreatmentofage-relatedsarcopenia?Whatamountsofmacronutrientsareneededforolderpeoplewithoratriskforsarcopenia,especiallyproteinandspecificaminoacids?Whatmicronutrients,e.g.vitaminD,playimportantrolesinprotectingandbuildingleanbodymass?(vi)Whati

3、stheroleofphysicalactivityinpreventionandtreatmentofsarcopeniainolderpeople?Whatexercisesarebestsuitedandmosteffectiveforolderpeople?Howcanolderpeoplebeenabledtotakemorehabitualphysicalactivity?Howcannutritionandexerciseregimensbecombinedforpreventionoftrea

4、tmentofsarcopenia?Sarcopenia这个词起源于希腊语，原意是“povertyofflesh”(缺少肌肉)。“Sarco”是前缀，指肌肉；“penia”是后缀，意流失。国内文献译为“少肌症”、“骨骼肌减少症”、“肌肉衰减征”、“老年性骨骼肌减少症”等等。在1989年由Irwin第一次用来描述老年性的肌肉减少和力量衰减。2010年，Sarcopenia欧洲工作组(EWGSOP)将少肌症定义为：“老年人骨骼肌质量和骨骼肌力量及功能下降的一种病征”，主要强调骨骼肌量下降，或加上骨骼肌力量下降，或

5、再加上骨骼肌功能下降。MechanismsofsarcopeniaLossofStrength:BiologicCausesDecreaseinnumberandsizeofmusclefibers.Numberofmotorunitsdeclineswithage.AbilityofCVsystemtodeliverrawmaterialstoworkingmusclesisreduced.Reductioninglycoproteins–moredifficultfortissuestoretainnor

6、malfluidcontent.LossofStrength:BiologicCausesDecreaseinefficiencyofmusclecells’selectivelypermeablemembrane.Concentrationofpotassiumisparticularlyreduced.Reducesmaximumforceofcontraction.Othernutritionrelatedeffects:VitaminCandZincClinicalimplications?Losso

7、fStrength:FunctionalCausesDeclineinstrengthwithagelargelyduetodecreasedactivity.Mostaffectedareanti-gravitymuscles:quads,hipextensors,ankledorsiflexors,andtriceps.Functionalstrengthassessment:HandhelddynamometryBicepscurlsSit-to-standtestLossofStrength:Path

8、ologicCausesNumerousstrength-alteringdiseasesPolymyalgiarheumaticaSyndromeoccurringinolderindividualsCharacterizedbypain,weakness,andstiffnessinproximalmusclegroups(neck,back,pelvicandshouldergirdles)A