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1、ConfuciusConfucius(551B.C—479B.C.)isoneofthemostfamousChinesepeople.AsthefounderofConfucianism1,histhoughthasexertedadeepinfluenceonChinaanditspeople.ButConfuciuswasnothisrealname.Itwasacourtesytitle,aLatinizedformof“KongFuzi”,meaning“MasterKong”.HisfamilynamewasKongandhi
2、sgivenname,Qiu.AndhestyledhimselfZhongni.HewasbornatZouyi,theStateofLu2.孔子（公元前551年—公元前479年）是中国最著名的人物。作为儒家创始人，他的思想一直在中国有着深远的影响。但孔子不是他的原名，而是一种尊称，是孔夫子的拉丁文。孔子姓孔名丘，字仲尼，出生在鲁国陬邑（今山东曲阜东南）。AsoneofthegreatestthinkersandeducatorsinthehistoryofChina,Confucius’legacyliesinthefollowing
3、threeaspects:Firstly,hecompiledandpreservedtheliteraryworks,TheSixClassics,includingShi3,Shu4,Li5,Yue6,Yi7andChunQiu8,whichareregardedastheclassicsofConfucianism.TheaccomplishmentmakesalargeimpactonthesuccessionanddevelopmentofthetraditionalChineseculture.作为中国历史上伟大的思想家和教育
4、家，他整理了《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》、《易》、《春秋》六部文献，被后代奉为儒家经典，合称“六经”，为传统文化的继承和发展做出了巨大的贡献。Secondly,ConfuciusbuiltupasystemofphilosophicalthoughtswithRenasitsbasicvirtue.ThisvirtueisthecentralthemeofhisAnalects9.HeconsideredRenasthefirstandhighestcriterionofman’sbehaviorandthecoreofmorality
5、.Renmeantto“loveothermen”；tohelpotherstobeestablishedwhenonewishedtobeestablishedoneself;andhelpotherstobesuccessfulwhenonewishedtobesuccessfuloneself.Confucius’conceptofLireferstoasetofritualandmusicalsystems,withthehierarchicalsystemasitscore.RenandLiarecomplementary:Li
6、istheexteriorprincipleofRenwhileRenisLi’sintrinsicguidingpower.ToaccomplishRen,onemustabidebyLi,andRenwillbenaturallygeneratedintheprocessofpracticingLi.Fundamentally,thepurposeofConfucius’LiistorestorethetraditionalritesoftheZhouDynasty11.第二，建立了一套以“仁”为核心的思想体系，这集中体现在《论语》一
7、书中。他认为“仁”是人的最高道德境界，是道德的核心内容。“仁”就是“爱人”；“夫仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人”。“孔子也讲“礼”，礼是礼乐制度，核心内容是等级制度。礼与仁互为表里，礼是仁的外在规则，仁是礼的内在指导因素。要达到仁，必先合乎礼，在反复实践礼的过程中自然会产生仁。孔子讲“仁”的目的是维护和恢复周礼。Thirdly,Confuciusestablishedprivateschools,creatingascientificeducationalsystem..Confuciusalsoheldtheideathatevery
8、oneshouldbeeducatedregardlessofhissocialstatus.Ineducationalpractice,hecreatedflexibleteachingme
