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1、Exerciseseemstobegoodforthehumanbrain,阅读理解答案 Exerciseseemstobegoodforthehumanbrain,withmanyrecentstudiessuggestingthatregularexerciseimprovesmemoryandthinkingskills.Butaninterestingnewstudyaskswhethertheapparentcognitivebenefitsfromexercisearerealorjust
2、aplaceboeffect—thatis,ifwethinkwewillbe“smarter”afterexercise,doourbrainsrespondaccordinglyTheanswerhassignificantimplicationsforanyofushopingtouseexercisetokeepourmindssharpthroughoutourlives. Whilemanystudiessuggestthatexercisemayhavecognitivebenefits
3、,recentlysomescientistshavebeguntoquestionwhethertheapparentlybeneficialeffectsofexerciseonthinkingmightbeaplaceboeffect.SoresearchersatFloridaStateUniversityinTallahasseeandtheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaigndecidedtofocusonexpectations,onwhatpeop
4、leanticipatethatexercisewilldoforthinking.Ifpeople’sexpectationsjibe(吻合)closelywiththeactualbenefits,thenatleastsomeofthoseimprovementsareprobablyaresultoftheplaceboeffectandnotofexercise. Forthenewstudy,whichwaspublishedlastmonthinPLOSOne,theresearcher
5、srecruited171peoplethroughanonlinesurveysystem,theyaskedhalfofthesevolunteerstoestimatebyhowmuchastretchingandtoningregimens(拉伸运动)performedthreetimesaweekmightimprovevariousmeasuresofthinking.Theothervolunteerswereaskedthesamequestions,butaboutaregularwa
6、lkingprogram. Inactualexperiments,stretchingandtoningprogramgenerallyhavelittleifanyimpactonpeople’scognitiveskills.Walking,ontheotherhand,seemstosubstantiallyimprovethinkingability. Butthesurveyrespondentsbelievedtheopposite,estimatingthatthestretchin
7、gandtoningprogramwouldbemorebeneficialforthemindthanwalking.Theestimatesofbenefitsfromwalkingwerelower. Thesedata,whiletheydonotinvolveanyactualexercise,aregoodnewsforpeoplewhodoexercise.“Theresultsfromourstudysuggestthatthebenefitsofaerobicexercisearen
8、otaplaceboeffect,”saidCaryStothart,agraduatestudentincognitivepsychologyatFloridaStateUniversity,wholedthestudy. Ifexpectationshadbeendrivingtheimprovementsincognitionseeninstudiesafterexercise,Mr.Stothartsaid,thenpeoples
