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1、一.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1.表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:一般过去时(虚拟语气中be→were)主句用:would(should,could,might)+动词原形。Ifwehadtimenow,wewouldreaditagain.IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkhard.2.表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:had+过去分词;主句:would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词。Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceede
2、dinthetest.IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberthen,Iwouldhavecalledyou.3.表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:①一般过去时②should+动词原形③wereto+动词原形;主句:would(should,could,might)+动词原形。Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.P.S虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1).混合/错综型虚拟语气 当条件
3、状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为‘错综条件句’,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.(从句说的是过去,主句是现在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句是现在,主句是过去)(2)省略if的虚拟语气-10-如果从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以把这三个词置于句首,省略if.采用倒装语序。Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?
4、→Shouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?Ifhehadrecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover.→Hadherecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover.(3)含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语,连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有:without,with,butfor(要是没有),otherwise,or,but等。Withoutyourhelp(=Ifwehadnothadyourhelp),wecould
5、nothavesucceeded.Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.Hefeltverytiredyesterday,or/otherwisehewouldhaveattendedtheparty.(4)在ifitwere(hadbeen)notfor….句型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气也常用于‘ifitwere/(hadbeen)notfor….’句型中,意为‘要不是由于…’。Ifitwerenotforpeace,weco
6、uldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.Ifithadnotbeenforyourtimelyhelp,Iwouldhavegonebankrupt.二.虚拟语气用在名词性从句中1.主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在itis+形容词(名词,过去分词)+that+主语+should+动词原形(should可以省略)这种结构中。-10-·常见的这类形容词有:advisable,anxious,better,desirable,surprising,natural,necessary,strange,impo
7、rtant,regretful.·常见的这类过去分词有:decided,demanded,recommended,requested,desired,required,ordered,suggested.·常见的这类名词有:duty,pity,nosurprise,nowonder,regret,shame.Itwassuggestedthathe(should)jointheclubactivities.Itisstrange(surprising,disappointing)thatshe(should)nothavebee
8、ninvited.Itisapitythathe(should)refusetoaccepttheoffer.2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气①wish后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气(意为要是,但愿…就好了),其形式主要有三种:表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish后接一般