托马斯.a.普格尔 国际贸易 英语chap011

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1、Chapter11PushingExportsOutlineofchapter11DumpingExportsubsidiesDumpingDefinitionTypesReactingtodumpingActualantidumpingpoliciesProposalforreformDumpingSellingexportsatapricethatis“toolow,”apricebelow“normalvalue”or“fairmarketvalue.”Theexportpriceislowerthanthepricecharged

2、forcomparabledomesticsalesinthehomemarketoftheexporter.Theexportpriceislowerthanthefullunitcost(includingaprofitmargin).TypesPredatorydumpingAlowexportpriceusedbytheexportingfirmwiththeintentiontodriveitscompetitorsintheimportingcountryoutofbusinessCyclicaldumpingalowexpo

3、rtpricethatresultsfromanindustrydownturnorrecessioninwhichdemandisunusuallylow.SeasonaldumpingAlowexportpricethatisintendedtoselloffexcessinventoriesofaproducionPersistentdumpingAlowexportpricethatresultsfromtheexportingfirmpracticingpricediscriminationbetweensegmentednat

4、ionalmarkets,withtheexportpricebeinglowbecausetheimportmarkethasthehigherpriceelasticityofdemand(perhapsduetomoreintensecompetitionintheimportingcountry'smarket).Figure11.1-PersistentDumpingWhatconditiondoyouthinkforpersistentdumpingtoworkeffectively?Ithaslessmonopolyinth

5、eforeignmarketthanithasinitshomemarketBuyersinthehomecountrycannotavoidthehighhomepricesbybuyingthegoodabroadandimportingitcheaply.ReactingtodumpingWhytheimportingcountryalwayscomplainsaboutthecheapproductintheircountry?Howfrequentlyforeignfirmsusepredatorydumping?recentr

6、esearchsuggeststhatnomorethan5%ofallcasesofallegeddumpingintheUSA,EU,canadaandMexico.ActualantidumpingpoliciesTheWTOrulespermitcountriestoretaliateagainstdumping,ifthedumpinginjuresdomesticimport-competingproducers.SomecriteriaforWTOrulestoimposeantidumpingdutyforimportin

7、gcountriesFact—seriousorpotentialinjury--causalityFigure11.2-TopTenInitiatorsofAnti-DumpingCasesSomeproposalsforreformAntidumpingactionscouldbelimitedtosituationsinwhichpredatorydumpingisplausibleTheinjurystandardcouldbeexpandedtorequirethatweightbegiventoconsumersanduser

8、softheproductAntidumpingpolicycouldbereplacedbymoreactiveuseofsafeguardpolicysafeguardpolicy:ago