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1、Peoplediettolookmoreattractive.阅读答案 Peoplediettolookmoreattractive.Fishdiettoavoidbeingbeatenup,thrownoutoftheirsocialgroup,andgettingeatenasaresult.ThatisthefascinatingconclusionofthelatestresearchintofishbehaviorbyateamofAustralianscientists. Theres
2、earchteamhavediscoveredthatsubordinatefishvoluntarilydiettoavoidchallengingtheirlargercompetitors.“Instudyinggobieswenoticedthatonlythelargesttwoindividuals,amaleandfemale,hadbreeding（繁殖）rightswithinthegroup,”explainsMarianWong.“Allothergroupmembersaren
3、onbreedingfemales,eachbeing5-10%smallerthanitsnextlargestcompetitor.Wewantedtofindouthowtheymaintainthisprecisesizeseparation.” Thereasonforthesizedifferencewaseasytosee.Onceasubordinatefishgrowstowithin5-10%ofthesizeofitslargercompetitor,itcausesafigh
4、twhichusuallyendsinthesmallergobybeingdrivenawayfromthegroup.Moreoftenthannot,theevictedfishistheneatenup. Itappearedthatthesmallerfishwerekeepingthemselvessmallinordertoavoidchallengingthebossfish.Whethertheydidsovoluntarily,byrestraininghowmuchtheyat
5、e,wasnotclear.Theresearchteamdecidedtodoanexperiment.Theytriedtofattenupsomeofthesubordinategobiestoseewhathappened.Totheirsurprise,thegobiessimplyrefusedtheextrafoodtheywereoffered,clearlypreferringtoremainsmallandavoidfights,overhavingafeast. Thedisc
6、overychallengesthetraditionalscientificviewofhowbossindividualskeeptheirpositioninagroup.Previouslyitwasthoughtthatlargeindividualssimplyusedtheirweightandsizetothreatentheirsubordinatesandtakemoreofthefoodforthemselves,sokeepingtheircompetitorssmall.
7、Whilethehabitsofgobiesmayseemalittlemysterious,Dr.Wongexplainsthatunderstandingtherelationshipsbetweenbossandsubordinateanimalsisimportanttounderstandinghowhierarchical（等级的）societiesremainstable. Theresearchhasprovedthefactthatvoluntarydietingisahabitf
8、arfromexclusivetohumans.“Asyet,welackacompleteunderstandingofhowwidespreadthevoluntaryreductionoffoodintakeisinnature,”theresearcherscomment.“Dataonhumandietingsuggeststhat,whilehumansgenerallydiettoimprovehealthorincreaseattract
