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1、Collegesanduniversitieswereoncelargelyremovedfrom阅读理解答案 Collegesanduniversitieswereoncelargelyremovedfromthemarketplaceastheydedicatedthemselvestothepursuitofideas,discoveryandtruth,andtotheeducationofstudentsforthecommongood.Inexchange,theyreceivedfromsocietyacademicfreedom,taxexemptionsandthe
2、publictrust. Intoday’sworld,ProfessorDerekBok,formerpresidentofHarvard,writesinhisnewbookUniversitiesintheMarketplace:theCommercializationofHigherEducation,drugcompaniespourbillionsofdollarsintomedicalschool,universitiesselltherighttousetheirscientificdiscoveriestoindustry,andfacultymembersoccu
3、pysuchindustryendowedchairsastheKmartprofessorofmarketing. Wherecommercialismoncampuseswasoncelargelyrestrictedtoathletics,itisnowboominginmedicalschoolsandresearchlabs,withtheirever-increasingneedforresources.And,ProfessorBokwrites,withadepressedeconomy,federaldeficitsandstatecutbacksinhighere
4、ducation allcontributingtochronicmoneyshortagesoncampus,collegeanduniversityadministratorsareunderintensepressuretobecomeyetmoreentrepreneurial. Unlessinstitutionsremainclearabouttheiracademicvalueastheypursuenewopportunitiestoearnandraisemoney,Mr.Bokwrites,“Commercializationthreatenstochang
5、ethecharacteroftheuniversityinwaysthatlimititsfreedom,sapitseffectivenessandloweritsstandinginsociety.” “Companyofficials,”hewrites,“regularlyinsistthatinformationconcerningtheworktheysupportbekeptsecretwhiletheresearchisgoingonandforalongenoughtimethereaftertoallowthemtodecidewhethertofilefora
6、patent.”Also,hewrites,theymaytreatothervaluableinformationasunsuitableforpatenting,butaspermanenttradesecretsinstead. Thissortofsecrecy,hewrites,issharplyatoddswiththeacademicvaluesofopennessandcollegiality,andwillprobablyinhibitscientificprogress,at leasttosomeextent,bylimitingtheflowofinfo
7、rmationandideasthoseinvestigatorsneedinordertoadvancetheirwork.Insomeinstances,Mr.Bokwrites,drugcompanieshavepressuredresearchestosuppressunfavorablefindings. InhisbookMr.Bokholdsupbigintercollegiateathleticsprograms,wheres
