a tour of republican rome 共和罗马之旅

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1、ATourofRepublicanRome共和罗马之旅　　编者按：意大利首都罗马位于意大利中部，是古罗马帝国的发祥地。作为世界闻名的古城，它犹如一座巨型的露天博物馆，迄今仍保留着许多珍贵的名胜古迹。罗马城最初建在景色秀丽的7座山丘之上，故称为“七丘之城”。　　原文：　　Asacity，Romedevelopedslowly.Formany，manyyears，villagesdotted1thetopsofthehillsalongtheTiberRiver，andnotmucheffortwasmadeam

2、ongthepeoplewholivedonthemtocommunicateforbusinessorreligiouspurposes.WhentheEtruscansseizedthesevillages，theareawastransformed2intoanurbanunit.TheEtruscansbuiltagreattempletoJupiterontheCapitolineHillanddrainedtheforumarea.TheCircusMaximus，whichwaslocatedi

3、nthevalleybetweenthePalatineandAventinehills，becamethecity’smajorsportingarena.Constructioncontinuedevenafterthefallofthemonarchyin510Templeswerebuilteverywhere，butespeciallyintheforumandontheAventine，CapitolineandQuirinalhills.Alongsidetheriver，vegetablesa

4、ndcattleweresoldinmarketsthateventuallydevelopedintoneighborhoodswiththeirownidentityandtemples.Tosupporttheincreasingcommercialactivity，warehouses3anddockyardswerebuiltalongtheriver.Everywhere，thelargehomesoftherichandapartmentsforthepoorhousedagrowingpopu

5、lation.　　ThencametheGallicsackofRomein390Whileitclearlyprovedthatthecitywasnotinvincible4，italsohadadrasticeffectonbuildingchoices.Forsecurityreasons，publicofficialshadmasonsconstructstonewallsaroundthecity.IncludedwithinwerethesevenhillsAventine，Caelian，Ca

6、pitoline，Esquiline，Palatine，Quirinal，andViminal.ExcludedwerepublicareassuchastheCampusMartiusthatlayalongtheTiberRiver，andtheJaniculumHillontheothersideoftheriver.　　Becausethepossibilitiesforconstructionwithinthecityproperwerelimited，futuredevelopmentwouldh

7、avetooccuroutside.DuringtheRepublic，theareaknownastheCampusMartiusbecameamajorbuildingsite.TohelpcommunicationacrosstheTiberRiver，bridgeswereconstructed.Enormousaqueducts5helpedmeetthecity’sgrowingneedforwater.Victoryinwarresultedinnewtemples，newgamefacilit

8、ies，theater-typestructurestohostproductions，andmuseums.Manyofthesewerebuiltalongthetraditionalparaderoute6forreligiousfestivalsandfortriumphs.TheroutewentfromtheCampusMartiusaroundthePalatineHilltotheC