神经系统解剖朱晞（改

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1、THENERVOUSSYSTEMZhuXiDepartmentofHumanAnatomySchoolofMedicine,ZhejiangUniversity1.Organizationofnervoussystemanatomicallycentralnervoussystem:spinalcord脊髓brain脑peripheralnervoussystem:spinalnerves脊神经cranialnerves脑神经functionallySomaticnervoussystem躯体神经Visceralnervoussy

2、stem内脏神经2.StructureofnervoustissuesAstrocyteNeurogliaOligodentrocyte,MicrogliaNeurons(nervouscells)cellbodyaxon(conveyimpulsesprocessesawayfromcellbody)dendrites(conveyimpulsestowardscellbody)Synapses:axonterminalcomesintocontactwithotherneuronspresynapticmembranesynap

3、ticcleftpostsynapticmembrane4.ThereflexandReflexarcReflexes:aresubconsciousstimulus-responsemechanismStructureofthereflexarcThereceptorTheafferentNeuronTheinterneuronTheefferentNeuronTheeffector5.TerminologyIncentralnervoussystem:Graymatter灰质:collectionofcellbodiesCort

4、ex皮质:graymatteronsurfaceofcerebrumandcerebellumNucleus神经核:collectionofcellbodieswiththesameshape,functionWhitematter白质:collectionofnervefibersMedullarysubstance髓质:whitematterincerebrumandcerebellumFasciculus(nervetract)纤维束:collectionofnervefiberswithcommonpathwayandfun

5、ctionReticiilarformation网状结构:fieldsofinterminglednervefibersandcellbodiesInperipheralnervoussystem:Ganglion神经节:collectionofcellbodieswithcommonshapeandfunctionNerve神经:abundleofnervefiberscoveredbyconnectivetissueTHEPERIPHERALNERVOUSSYSTEMTheSpinalNerves脊神经1.GeneralDesc

6、ription1.数量：31PairsofSpinalNervesCervicalNerves:8pairsThoracicNerves:12pairsLumbarNerves:5pairsSacralNerves:5pairsCoccygealNerves:1pair2.组成：TwoRootsofSpinalNervesAnteriorRoot前根:motorfibersPosteriorRoot后根:sensoryfibersTheSpinalGanglion脊神经节3.成分：FourTypesofFibersinSpinalN

7、ervesTheSomaticafferent(sensory)Fibersdistributedinskin,skeletalmuscles,articulationTheVisceralafferent(sensory)Fibersdistributedinvisceralorgans,cardiovascularsystem,glandsTheSomaticefferent(motor)FiberscontroltheactivityoftheskeletalmusclesTheVisceralefferent(motor)F

8、ibersinnvervatethesmoothmusclesofvisceralorganscardiovascularsystemglands3.分布.FourBranchesofaSpinalNerves：AnteriorBra