翻译与理论实践第二章

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1、English-ChineseTranslationLectureThree:Chapter2ContrastiveStudiesofEnglishandChinese【TeachingAims】1.ToletSsknowaboutthegeneralfeaturesanddifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish2.TodirectSsintoContrastiveStudiesofEnglishandChinese:10pairsoffeatures【TeachingContents】1.Part1Syntheticvs.Analytic2.Part2Rig

2、idvs.Supple3.Part3Concretevs.Abstract4.Part4Impersonalvs.Personal5.Part5Hypotacticvs.Paratactic6.Part6Homework【TeachingEmphasisandDifficulty】Syntheticvs.Analytic,Hypotacticvs.Paratactic[Teachingsteps]Part1Syntheticvs.Analytic综合语与分析语Asyntheticlanguageischaracterizedbyfrequentandsystematicuseofinfle

3、ctedforms（曲折变化形式，词尾变化的词语）toexpressgrammaticalrelationships.运川形态变化來表达语法关系：affixation，tenses，numbers,degrees，voices...Ananalyticlanguageismarkedbyarelativelyfrequentuseoffunctionwords,auxiliaryverbs，andchangesinwordordertoexpresssyntacticrelations,ratherthanofinflectedforms.不用形态变化，而用词序及虚词变化来表达语法关系。R

4、eferencereading：连淑能《英汉对比研究》Part2Rigidvs.Supple刚性与柔性English:rigidS-Vconcord（主谓协调一致）：fivebasicpatterns:SV,SVP,SVO,SVoO,andSVOC.Chinese:FreeandflexiblestructureE.g.文章翻译完了。（受事主语）Theessayhasbeentranslated.全市到处在兴建新工厂。（地点主语）Newfactoriesarebeingbuiltalloverthecity.现在正下着毛毛细雨。（时间主语）Itisdrizzlingatthemoment.

5、累得我站不起来了。（无主句）IamsoexhaustedthatIcan’tstandup.ThepredicateofaChinesesentenceissovariedandcomplicated:天高云淡。（形容词作谓语）Theskyishighandthecloudsarepale.他出国留学去了。（连动式谓语）Hehasgoneabroadforfurtherstudies.我介绍他加入协会。（兼语式谓语）Irecommendedhimformembershipoftheassociation.这项合同经理要签名。（主谓词组作谓语）Thiscontractshouldbesign

6、edbythemanager.Part3Concretevs.AbstractChinese（ConfucianCulture）:Humanbeingsasthecenter，fullofhumanismconcrete,specificwordsWesterners（ChristianCulture）:Objectsastheimportantpartabstractdictionandnominalization西方人的思维:更加注重客观思维中国人主观思维，强调人与自然的和谐。Concretevs.Abstract1.Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfill

7、edmewithspeciallonging.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。2.AglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramicviewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。Concretevs.Abstract3.Hehadsurfacedwit