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1、(C)Copyright2012UITCambridgeLtd.Thiselectroniccopyisprovided,free,forpersonaluseonly.1MaterialwealthandhealthWhatareweworriedabout?Indevelopedeconomieswelivethegoodlifefornow–withanamazinglevelofcomfortandinterestcreatedbyourastonishingabilitytomakeandtransformmaterials.
2、We’vereallyonlydonethisatscaleinthepast150years,inwhichtimeouruseofengineeredmaterialshasrocketed,literally.However,ifwehavesomeconcernabout‘sustainability’weneedtoanticipatewhateffectsourusemighthaveonfuturegenerations–andwe’regettingsomeclearindicatorsthatthere’saprobl
3、em.Welcometothiseditionof“TheWorld’sgotMaterials”andwe’llgostraightintothefirstround:namethefirstthingthatcomesintoyourheadwhenyouhearthefollowingplacenames:youmustanswerimmediately.SanFrancisco,GoldenGateBridge;Paris,EiffelTower;HongKong,NewYorkandShanghai,skyscrapers;S
4、ydney,HarbourBridge;NorthPole,pole.Excellent.Aperfectscore,sowe’llmovestraightontothesecondround:foreachofthefollowingdecadesnameitskeyicon.1960’s,moonlanding;1970’s,cassettedecksandVCRs;1980’s,personalcomputers;1990’s,internet;2000’s,mobilephones.Verygood,albeitalittles
5、elective,andfinallyinthethirdround,tellushowyouspendmostofyourmoney:housing;carandothertravel;food.Congratulations!Aperfectsetofanswersand,apartfromsomeofthefoodeverythingyou’vementioneddependsonenergyintensivematerials.Welearntatschooltheprogressionfromstoneage,bronzeag
6、e,ironagethroughthedarkandmiddleages,ageofdiscoverythenenlightenmentandontomachineandinformationages.Butwecouldequallylabelthepast100years,ourera,asthematerialage.Ourabilitytofindandconvertfuelsintointenseheathasallowedustoextractandconvertnaturaloresandmineralsintotheme
7、tals,ceramicsandpolymerswithwhichwehaveconstructedallourrecenticonsandinventions,andonwhichwespendmostofourmoney.Thisphenomenonissocommon,andlargelysowellhidden,thatwearehardlyawarehowrecentitis:JosephAspdininLeedsfirstpatentedtheproductionofPortlandCement,thebasisofmode
8、rnconcreteandmortar,in1824;HenryBessemerinCheltenhampatentedhissteelmakingprocessin1855;CharlesHallinOh
