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1、HeartDiseaseisthemajorhealthchallengeofthe21stcentury.Unlesssomethingisdone,by2020,36outofevery100peoplewilldieofheartdiseaseandstroke.Therateofincreasewillbegreatestinlowandmiddleincomecountries,thosecountriesthatcanleastaffordit.“Heartdiseaseandstrokearenotinevitable.Th
2、eyarelargelypreventable.Preventivemeasureswillreducetheincidenceofdeathanddisability.”Prof.MarioMaranhão,Past-President,WorldHeartFederationSource:WorldHealthReport2002WORLDHEARTFEDERATION“SuperiorDoctorsPreventtheDisease.MediocreDoctorsTreattheDiseaseBeforeEvident.Inferi
3、orDoctorsTreattheFullBlownDisease.”-HuangDee:Nai-Ching(2600B.C.1stChineseMedicalText)Population6,000,000,000Totaldeathsperyear54,000,000(0.9%)Cardiovasculardeath17,000,000(31%)44%coronaryheartdisease31%stroke78%inlowincomecountriesAIDS3,000,000Tuberculosis1,000,000Malaria
4、1,000,000(mostlyinAfrica)GlobalcausesofdeathOneoutofevery3deaths17milliondeathsworldwide1999estimatedtoreach25millionin2020SixtimesthecurrentnumberofdeathsfromHIV/Aids80%ofdeathsareinlow/middleincomecountriesSources:WHOWorldHealthReport2000,CVDinfobaseWORLDWIDECVDFACTSAth
5、erothrombosis=majorcauseofdeathinthewesternworldATHEROSCLEROSIS:ASYSTEMICDISEASECAD21%CVA9%PAD8%8%5%9%3%ATHEROSCLEROSISChronologyofAtheroscleroticArteryDiseaseAtherosclerosisPlaqueSCAPreventionVulnerableSecondaryIschemicArteryDiseaseCoronaryCerebralPeripheralAntmanEMmodf.
6、LibbyP.Circulation2001;104:365CardiovascularRiskFactorsProtectingyourHeartMaternalandchildrenundernutritionHIghRiskSexHighBloodPressureTobaccoSmokingAlcoholAbuseUnsafeWaterandlackofbasicsanitaryandhygieneHighCholesterolPollutionoftheairathomeIrondefficiencyObesityCausesof
7、40%ofthe56millionsofdeathIntheworld.WHO–10MOREIMPORTANTRISKS2002SmokingHypertension(BP≥140/90mmHg)LowHDL-C(<40mg/dL)EarlyFamilyHistoryatherosclerosis(1stgraderelatives<55yearsformenand<65forwomenAge(≥45yearsmales/≥55yearsfemales)AF**+CAD/relatives1stgrade(<55anosmales/<65
8、anosfemales)Diabetesmelitus(glucose>126mg/dL)CaracterizationoftheIndependentRiskFactorsforathero
