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1、本资料说首发自www.engbus.com转载请说明出处。PartOneTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter1LandandPeopleⅠ.Names1.DifferentnamesforBritainanditsparts2.BritishEmpire(100yearsago)About100yearsago,asaresultofitsimperialistexpansion,Britainruledanempirethathad1/4oftheworld’speoplea
2、nd1/4oftheworld’slandarea.IthadcoloniesinNorthAmerica,Asia,AfricaandAustralia.3.Commonwealth(1931)Thecommonwealth(ofNations)isafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Membernationsarejoinedtogethereconomicallyandhavecertaintradingarrangements.TheCommo
3、nwealthhasnospecialpowers.ThedecisiontobecomeamemberoftheCommonwealthislefttoeachnation.4.ReasonforBritainEmpirechangedintoaCommonwealth:thetwoworldwarsgreatlyweakenedBritain.Ⅱ.Features1.LocationAdvantage:NopartofBritainisveryfarfromthecoastanditprovidesavaluableresource.TheBri
4、tishcoastislongandhasgood,deepharbours.Searoutesextendfarinland,providingcheaptransportation.2.Generalfeaturesa.Tilting:①RisinginNorth-Westcausehighlandsthere;②SinkinginSouth-Eastcauselowlands.b.IceAge:responsibleforBritain’sspectacularmountainscenery.3.England(morethan130,000s
5、quarekilometreswhichtakesupnearly60%ofthewholeisland)a.Pennines,principalmountainchain.b.Scafell(978m),thehighestpeakofEngland.第1页，共84页本资料说首发自www.engbus.com转载请说明出处。c.Capital:London.4.Scotland(78,760squarekilometres)a.Threezone:①Highlandsinthenorth:plateau;②CentralLowlands:mosti
6、mportantareainScotlandwhichcontainmostoftheindustryandpopulation;③SouthernUplands:moorland.b.BenNevis(1,343m),thehighestmountaininBritain.c.Capital:Edinburgh.5.Wales(20,761squarekilometreswhichtakesuplessthan9%ofthewholeisland)a.MostofWalesisMountainous;b.12%ofthelandisarable;c
7、.Massif断层;d.Snowdonia(1,085m),highestmountaininWales;e.Capital:Cardiff.6.NorthernIreland(14,147squarekilometreswhichtakesup1/5ofIreland)a.Ithasarockyandwildnortherncoastline;b.Capital:Belfast.Ⅲ.RiversandLakes1.Riversa.Importance:①Greatports(throughriver)tosea;②RiverstobothEurop
8、eanContinentandfishinggrounds;③Rivers(carryrawmaterial
