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《实验心理学第八章 记忆》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、第八章记忆近100多年来，记忆研究一直是心理学中最活跃的领域之一。当代著名的记忆心理学家E.Tulving（1995）把科学的记忆研究划分为3个阶段：1885——1960：开始于艾宾浩斯（H.Ebbinghaus）的研究；词语学习（verballearning）的漫长时期；1960——1980：认知心理学兴起；记忆的计算机模拟十分流行；1980——至今：记忆研究的认知神经科学阶段；1一、记忆研究中的各种变量（1）DependentVariables：Rememberingmaybemeasuredinnumerousways;theseofteninvolver
2、ecallorrecognition.Inrecalltests,reproductionofmaterialisrequired.Whereasinrecognitiontests,materialispresentedtopeopleandtheyarerequiredtojudgewhetherornottheyhaveseenitpreviously.吴艳红:2一、记忆研究中的各种变量（2）Threepopularrecalltestsareserialrecall,freerecall,andpaired-associaterecall.Recogni
3、tiontestsaregenerallyoftwotypes.Yes/Norecognitiontests;Forced-choicerecognitiontestsForced-choicetestsarepreferredtoyes/notestsbecausecorrectingforguessingislessofaproblem.3一、记忆研究中的各种变量（3）Ineachcase,thedependentmeasureintestsofrecallandrecognitionisthenumberorproportionofitemscorrect
4、lyrecalledorrecognizedindifferentconditionsorthenumberoferrors,whichamountstothesamething.Sometimesaderivativemeasureisused,suchasd'fromthetheoryofsignaldetection.Recently,investigatorsconcernedwithrecognitionhaveusedreactiontimeasadependentmeasure.4一、记忆研究中的各种变量（4）Recently,thestudyof
5、implicitmemorytestshasintriguedcognitivepsychologists.Althoughthesetestsdonotrequirepeopletoconsciouslyrememberthematerialtheyhavestudied,performanceonthesetasksisinfluencedor“primed”bypreviousexposuretothematerial.Thatis,implicitmemorytestsaretasksthatcanbeperformedwithoutspecificre
6、ferencetothepreviousexperiencesinthelaboratory.5一、记忆研究中的各种变量（5）IndependentVariables:Manytypesofvariablesaremanipulatedinexperimentsonhumanmemory.Oneofthemostpopularvariableshistoricallyhasbeenthenatureofthematerialpresentedformemory.Itcanbeletters,digits,nonsensesyllables,words,phras
7、es,sentences,paragraphs,orlongpassagesofprose;thecharacteristicsofeachofthesetypesofmaterialcanalsobevaried;Theretentionintervalbetweenpresentationofmaterialandtest;Modalityofpresentation;Studystrategy;Thenatureofthememorytestgiventopeople.6一、记忆研究中的各种变量（6）ControlVariables:Memoryexper
8、imentsaretyp
