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1、名人演讲：炉边谈话FirstFiresideChat 演讲者简介：富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福(英语：FranklinDelanoRoosevelt，1882年1月30日-1945年4月12日，美国人通常以其姓名缩写FDR称之)，第32任美国总统，是20世纪美国二三十年代经济危机和第二次世界大战的中心人物之一。从1933年至1945年间，连续出任四届美国总统，且是唯一连任超过两届的美国总统。 Myfriends: IwanttotalkforafewminuteswiththepeopleoftheUnitedStatesaboutbanking--tota
2、lkwiththecomparativelyfewwhounderstandthemechanicsofbanking,butmoreparticularlywiththeoverwhelmingmajorityofyouwhousebanksforthemakingofdepositsandthedrawingofchecks. Iwanttotellyouwhathasbeendoneinthelastfewdays,andwhyitwasdone,andwhatthenextstepsaregoingtobe.Irecognizethatthemany
3、proclamationsfromStatecapitolsandfromWashington,thelegislation,theTreasuryregulations,andsoforth,couchedforthemostpartinbankingandlegalterms,oughttobeexplainedforthebenefitoftheaveragecitizen.Iowethis,inparticular,becauseofthefortitudeandthegoodtemperwithwhicheverybodyhasacceptedthe
4、inconvenienceandhardshipsofthebankingholiday.AndIknowthatwhenyouunderstandwhatweinWashingtonhavebeenabout,IshallcontinuetohaveyourcooperationasfullyasIhavehadyoursympathyandyourhelpduringthepastweek. Firstofall,letmestatethesimplefactthatwhenyoudepositmoneyinabank,thebankdoesnotput
5、themoneyintoasafedepositvault.Itinvestsyourmoneyinmanydifferentformsofcredit--inbonds,incommercialpaper,inmortgagesandinmanyotherkindsofloans.Inotherwords,thebankputsyourmoneytoworktokeepthewheelsofindustryandofagricultureturningaround.Acomparativelysmallpartofthemoneythatyouputinto
6、thebankiskeptincurrency--anamountwhichinnormaltimesiswhollysufficienttocoverthecashneedsoftheaveragecitizen.Inotherwords,thetotalamountofallthecurrencyinthecountryisonlyacomparativelysmallproportionofthetotaldepositsinallthebanksofthecountry. What,then,happenedduringthelastfewdayso
7、fFebruaryandthefirstfewdaysofMarch?Becauseofunderminedconfidenceonthepartofthepublic,therewasageneralrushbyalargeportionofourpopulationtoturnbankdepositsintocurrencyorgold--arushsogreatthatthesoundestbankscouldn’tgetenoughcurrencytomeetthedemand.Thereasonforthiswasthatonthespurofthe
8、momentitwas,ofcours
