sci写作句型汇总

《sci写作句型汇总》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(一)很多文献已经讨论过了一、在Introduction里面经常会使用到的一个句子：很多文献已经讨论过了。。。它的可能的说法有很多很多，这里列举几种我很久以前搜集的：A.  Solarenergyconversionbyphotoelectrochemicalcells hasbeenintensivelyinvestigated. (Nature1991,353,737-740 )B. Thiswasdemonstratedinanumberofstudiesthat showedthatcompositeplasmonic-metal/semiconductorphotocatalystsachievedsignificantlyhigherratesinvariousphotocatalyticreactionscomparedwiththeirpuresemiconductorcounterparts.C. Severalexcellentreviewsdescribing theseapplicationsareavailable,andwedonotdiscussthesetopicsD. Muchworksofarhasfocusedon widebandgapsemiconductorsforwatersplittingforthesakeofchemicalstability.（DOI:10.1038/NMAT3151）E. Recentdevelopmentsof Lewisacidsandwater-solubleorganometalliccatalysts haveattractedmuchattention.（Chem.Rev.2002,102,3641−3666）F. Aninterestingapproach intheuseofzeoliteasawater-tolerantsolidacid wasdescribedby Ogawaetal（Chem.Rev.2002,102,3641−3666）G. Considerableresearcheffortshavebeendevotedto thedirecttransitionmetal-catalyzedconversionofarylhalidestoarylnitriles.(J.Org.Chem.2000,65,7984-7989)H. Therearemanyexcellentreviewsintheliteraturedealingwiththebasicconceptsof thephotocatalyticprocessandthereaderisreferredinparticulartothosebyHoffmannandcoworkers,Millsandcoworkers,andKamat.(Metaloxidecatalysis,19,P755)I.NishimiyaandTsutsumi havereportedon（proposed）theinfluenceoftheSi/Alratioofvariouszeolitesontheacidstrength,whichwereestimatedbycalorimetryusingammonia.(Chem.Rev.2002,102,3641−3666)二、在resultsanddiscussion中经常会用到的：如图所示A.GIXRDpatternsin Figure1Ashow thebulkstructuralinformationonas-depositedfilms. B. AsshowninFigure7B, thesteady-statecurrentdensitydecreasesaftercyclingbetween0.35and0.7V,whichisprobablyduetothedissolutionofFeOx.  C. Ascanbeseenfrom partsaandbofFigure7,thereactioncyclesstartwiththethermodynamicallymostfavorableVOxstructures（J.Phys.Chem.C2014,118,24950−24958）这与XX能够相互印证：A. Thisissupportedby theappearanceintheNi-dopedcompoundsofanultraviolet–visibleabsorptionbandat420–520nm(seeFig.3inset),correspondingtoanenergyrangeofabout2.9to2.3eV.B. This isconsistentwiththeobservationfrom SEM–EDS.(Z.Zouetal./ChemicalPhysicsLetters332(2000)271–277)C. Thisindicatesagoodagreementbetween theobservedandcalculatedintensitiesinmonoclinicwithspacegroupP2/cwhentheOatomsareincludedinthemodel.D.Theresults areingoodconsistentwith theobservedphotocatalyticactivity...E.Identicalconclusionswereobtainedinstudies wheretheSPRintensityandwavelengthweremodulatedbymanipulatingthecomposition,shape,orsizeofplasmonicnanostructures. F.  Itwasalsofoundthatareasofpersistentdivergentsurfaceflow coincide with regionswhereconvectionappearstobeconsistentlysuppressedevenwhenSSTsareabove27.5°C.(二)1.值得注意的是...A. Itmustalsobementionedthat therecyclingofaqueousorganicsolventislessdesirablethanthatofpureorganicliquid.B. Anotherinterestingfindingisthat zeoliteswith10-memberedringporesshowedhighselectivities(>99%)tocyclohexanol,whereasthosewith12-memberedringpores,suchasmordenite,producedlargeamountsofdicyclohexylether.(Chem.Rev.2002,102,3641−3666)C. Itshouldbepointedoutthat thenanometer-scaledistributionofelectrocatalystcentersontheelectrodesurfaceisalsoapredominantfactorforhighORRelectrocatalyticactivity.D. Notably, theRuIIandRhIcomplexespossessingthesameBINAPchiralityformantipodalaminoacidsasthepredominantproducts. (Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2002,41:2008–2022)E.Giventhemultitudeofvarioustransformationspublished, itisnoteworthythat onlyveryfewdistinct activation methodshavebeenidentified. (Chem.Soc.Rev.,2009, 38,2178-2189) F. Itisimportanttohighlightthat thesetwodirectingeffectswillleadtodifferentenantiomersoftheproductsevenifboththe“H-bond-catalyst”andthe catalyst actingbystericshieldinghavethesameabsolutestereochemistry.(Chem.Soc.Rev., 2009, 38,2178-2189)G. Itisworthwhilementioningthat thesePPNDscanbeverystableforseveralmonthswithouttheobservationsofanyfloatingorprecipitateddots,whichisattributedtotheelectrostaticrepulsionsbetweenthepositivelychargePPNDsresultinginelectrostericstabilization.(Adv.Mater.,2012,24:2037–2041)2. ...仍然是个挑战A. Thereistherebyanurgentneedbutitisstillasignificantchallengeto rationallydesignanddelicatelytailortheelectroactiveMTMOsforadvancedLIBs,ECs,MOBs,andFCs. （Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2014,53,1488–1504）B. However,systemsthatare sufficientlystableandefficientforpracticaluse havenotyetbeenrealized.C.  It remains challenging to develophighlyactiveHERcatalystsbasedonmaterialsthataremoreabundantatlowercosts.(J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2011, 133, 7296–7299)D. Oneofthe great challenges inthetwenty-firstcentury is unquestionablyenergystorage.(NatureMaterials 2005,4,366-377 )众所周知A. Itiswellestablished(accepted)/Itisknowntoall/Itiscommonlyknown that manycharacteristicsoffunctionalmaterials,suchascomposition,crystallinephase,structuralandmorphologicalfeatures,andthesur-/interfacepropertiesbetweentheelectrodeandelectrolyte,wouldgreatlyinfluencetheperformanceoftheseuniqueMTMOsinelectrochemicalenergystorage/conversionapplications.（Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2014,53,1488–1504）B. Itisgenerallyaccepted(believed)that fora-Fe2O3-basedsensorsthechangeinresistanceismainlycausedbytheadsorptionanddesorptionofgasesonthesurfaceofthesensorstructure.(Adv.Mater.2005,17,582)C. Asweallknow, soybeanaboundswithcarbon, nitrogen andoxygenelementsowingtotheexistenceofsugar, proteins and lipids.(Chem.Commun.,2012, 48,9367-9369)D. Thereisnodenyingthat theirpresencemaymediatespinmomentstoalignparallelwithoutactingalonetoshowd0-FM.(Nanoscale,2013, 5,3918-3930) (三)1.正如下文将提到的...A. Aswillbedescribedbelow（也可以是Asweshallseebelow）, astheSi/Alratioincreases,thesurfaceofthezeolitebecomesmorehydrophobicandpossessesstrongeraffinityforethylacetateandthenumberofacidsitesdecreases.（Chem.Rev.2002,102,3641−3666）B.Thisbehavioristobeexpectedand will be further discussed below.(J.Am.Chem.Soc., 1955, 77,3701–3707)C. Therearealsosomesmalldeviationswithrespecttotheflowdirection, whichwe will discuss below.（Science,2001,291,630-633）D. Below, we will see whatthisimplies.E. Completedetailsofthiscase will beprovidedata later time.E. 很多论文中，也经常直接用seebelow来表示，比如：TheobservationofnanoclusterspheresattheendsofthenanowiresissuggestiveofaVLSgrowthprocess(see below).(Science,1998, 279,208-211)2.这与XX能够相互印证...A. Thisissupportedby theappearanceintheNi-dopedcompoundsofanultraviolet–visibleabsorptionbandat420–520nm(seeFig.3inset),correspondingtoanenergyrangeofabout2.9to2.3eVB.Thisisconsistentwiththeobservationfrom SEM–EDS.(Chem.Phys.Lett.2000,332,271–277)C. Identicalconclusionswereobtained instudieswheretheSPRintensityandwavelengthweremodulatedbymanipulatingthecomposition,shape,orsizeofplasmonicnanostructures. （Nat.Mater.2011,DOI:10.1038/NMAT3151）D.Inaddition,theshapeofthetitrationcurveversusthePPi/1ratio, coincidingwiththat obtainedbyfluorescenttitrationstudies,suggestedthatboth2:1and1:1host-to-guestcomplexesareformed.(J.Am.Chem.Soc.1999,121,9463-9464)E. Thisunusualluminescencebehavioris inaccordwith arecenttheoreticalprediction;MoS2,anindirectbandgapmaterialinitsbulkform,becomesadirectbandgapsemiconductorwhenthinnedtoamonolayer. (NanoLett., 2010, 10,1271–1275)3. 我们的研究可能在哪些方面得到应用A. Ourfindingssuggestthat theuseofsolarenergyforphotocatalyticwatersplitting mightprovideaviablesourcefor ‘clean’hydrogenfuel,oncethecatalyticefficiencyofthe semiconductorsystemhasbeenimprovedbyincreasingitssurfaceareaandsuitablemodificationsofthesurfacesites.B.Alongwiththisgreenandcost-effectiveprotocolofsynthesis, weexpectthat thesenovelcarbonnanodots havepotentialapplicationsin bioimagingandelectrocatalysis.(Chem.Commun.,2012, 48,9367-9369)C. Thissystemcouldpotentiallybeappliedas thegainmediumofsolid-stateorganic-basedlasersorasacomponentofhighvaluephotovoltaic(PV)materials,wheredestructivehighenergyUVradiationwouldbeconvertedtousefullowenergyNIRradiation.(Chem.Soc.Rev.,2013, 42,29-43)D. Sincetheuseof graphene mayenhancethephotocatalyticpropertiesofTiO2 underUVandvisible-lightirradiation, graphene–TiO2 composites maypotentiallybeusedto enhancethebactericidalactivity. (Chem.Soc.Rev.,2012, 41,782-796)E.  ItisthefirstreportthatCQDsarebothamino-functionalizedandhighlyfluorescent, whichsuggeststheirpromisingapplicationsin chemicalsensing.(Carbon,2012, 50, 2810–2815)(四)1.什么东西还尚未发现/系统研究A.However,systemsthataresufficientlystableandefficientforpracticaluse havenotyetbeenrealized.B.Nevertheless,forconventionalnanostructuredMTMOsasmentionedabove, someproblematicdisadvantagescannotbeoverlooked.（Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2014,53,1488–1504）C. Therearerelativelyfewstudiesdevotedto determinationofcmcvaluesforblockcopolymermicelles.(Macromolecules1991,24,1033-1040)D.Thismightbethereasonwhy,despiteofthegreatinfluenceofthepreparationonthecatalyticactivityofgoldcatalysts, nosystematicstudyconcerning thesynthesisconditions hasbeenpublishedyet. (AppliedCatalysisA:General2002,226, 1–13)E. Thesepossibilitiesremaintobe explored.F.  Furthereffortisrequiredto understandandbettercontroltheparametersdominatingtheparticlesurfacepassivationandresultingpropertiesforcarbondotsofbrighterphotoluminescence.(J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2006, 128 ,7756–7757)2. 由于/因为... A. Liquidammonia isparticularlyattractiveas analternativetowater dueto itsstabilityinthepresenceofstrongreducingagentssuchasalkalimetalsthatareusedtoaccessloweroxidationstates.B. Theuniquenatureof thecyanideligand resultsfrom itsabilitytoactbothasaσdonorandaπacceptorcombinedwithitsnegativechargeandambidentatenature.C. Qdotsarealsoexcellentprobesfortwo-photonconfocalmicroscopy because theyarecharacterizedbyaverylargeabsorptioncrosssection (Science 2005, 307,538-544).D. Asaresultof thereductivestrategyweusedandofthestrongbondingbetweenthesurfaceandthearylgroups,lowresidualcurrents(similartothoseobservedatabareelectrode)wereobtainedoveralargewindowofpotentials,thesameasfortheunmodifiedparentGCelectrode.(J.Am.Chem.Soc.1992,114,5883-5884)E. ThesmallTafelslopeofthedefect-richMoS2ultrathinnanosheetsisadvantageousforpractical applications, since itwillleadtoafasterincrementofHERratewithincreasingoverpotential.(Adv.Mater.,2013,25:5807–5813)F.Fluorescentcarbon-basedmaterialshavedrawnincreasingattentioninrecentyears owingto exceptionaladvantagessuchashighopticalabsorptivity,chemicalstability,biocompatibility,andlowtoxicity.(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2013,52:3953–3957)G.  Onthebasisof measurementsoftheheatofimmersionofwateronzeolites,Tsutsumietal.claimedthatthesurfaceconsistsofsiloxanebondingsandishydrophobicintheregionoflowAlcontent.(Chem.Rev.2002,102,3641−3666)H. Nanoparticlespatialdistributionsmighthavealargesignificanceforcatalyststability, giventhat metalparticlegrowthisarelevantdeactivationmechanismforcommercialcatalysts. 3....很重要A. Theinhibitionofadditionalnucleationduringgrowth,inotherwords,thecompleteseparation ofnucleationandgrowth, is critical(essential,important) for thesuccessfulsynthesisofmonodispersenanocrystals.(NatureMaterials 3,891-895(2004))B.  Inthecurrentstudy, Cys, homocysteine (Hcy)and glutathione (GSH)werechosenasmodel thiol compoundssincethey playimportant(significant,vital,critical)roles inmanybiologicalprocessesandmonitoringofthese thiol compounds isofgreatimportancefor diagnosisofdiseases.(Chem.Commun.,2012, 48,1147-1149)C. Thisisbecauseaccordingtonucleationtheory, whatreallymatters inadditiontothechangeintemperatureΔT (orsupersaturation)isthecoolingrate.(Chem.Soc.Rev.,2014, 43,2013-2026)(五)1.相反/不同于A. Onthecontrary, mononuclearcomplexes,calledsingle-ionmagnets(SIM),haveshownhysteresisloopsofbutterfly/phononbottlenecktype,withnegligiblecoercivity,andthereforewithmuchshorterrelaxationtimesofmagnetization.(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed., 2014,53:4413–4417)B. Incontrast, theDycompoundhassignificantlylargervalueofthetransversalmagneticmomentalreadyinthegroundstate(ca.10−1 μB),thereforeallowingafastQTM.（Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2014,53:4413–4417）C. Incontrastto thestructuralsimilarityofthesecomplexes,theirmagneticbehaviorexhibitsstrongdivergence. (Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2014,53:4413–4417)D. Contraryto otherconductingpolymersemiconductors,carbonnitrideischemicallyandthermallystableanddoesnotrelyoncomplicateddevicemanufacturing.(Naturematerials,2009,8(1):76-80.)E. Unlike thesphericalparticlestheyarederivedfromthatRayleighlight-scatterintheblue,thesenanoprismsexhibitscatteringinthered,whichcouldbeusefulindevelopingmulticolordiagnosticlabelsonthebasisnotonlyofnanoparticlecompositionandsizebutalsoofshape.(Science2001, 294,1901-1903)2.发现，阐明，报道，证实可供选择的词包括：verify,confirm,elucidate,identify,define,characterize,clarify,establish,ascertain,explain,observe,illuminate,illustrate，demonstrate,show,indicate,exhibit,presented,reveal,display,manifest，suggest,propose,estimate,prove,imply,disclose，report,describe，facilitatetheidentificationof 举例：A.Thesestacksappearasnanorodsinthetwo-dimensionalTEMimages,buttiltingexperiments confirmthattheyarenanoprisms. (Science2001, 294,1901-1903)B.NotethatTEM shows thatabout20%ofthenanoprismsaretruncated. (Science2001, 294,1901-1903)C.Therefore,thesecalculationsnotonlyallowusto identify theimportantfeaturesinthespectrumofthenanoprismsbutalsothesubtlerelationbetweenparticleshapeandthefrequencyofthebandsthatmakeuptheirspectra. (Science2001, 294,1901-1903)D.We observed adecreaseinintensityofthecharacteristicsurfaceplasmonbandintheultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)spectroscopyforthesphericalparticlesatλmax =400nmwithaconcomitantgrowthofthreenewbandsofλmax =335(weak),470(medium),and670nm(strong),respectively.(Science2001, 294,1901-1903) E.Inthisarticle,wepresentdata demonstrating thatopiateandnonopiateanalgesiasystemscanbeselectivelyactivatedbydifferentenvironmentalmanipulationsand describe theneuralcircuitryinvolved.(Science1982,216,1185-1192)F.This suggests thatthecobaltinCoPhasapartialpositivecharge(δ+),whilethephosphorushasapartialnegativecharge(δ−), implying atransferofelectrondensityfromCotoP. (Angew.Chem.,2014,126:6828–6832)3.如何指出当前研究的不足A.Althoughtheseinorganicsubstructurescanexhibitahighdensityoffunctionalgroups,suchasbridgingOHgroups,andthesubstructurescontributesignificantlytotheadsorptionpropertiesofthematerial,surprisinglylittleattentionhasbeendevotedto thepost-syntheticfunctionalizationoftheinorganicunitswithinMOFs.(Chem.Eur.J.,2013,19:5533–5536.)B. Littleisknown, however,aboutthemicrostructureofthismaterial.(NatureMaterials2013,12,554–561)C. Sofar,verylittleinformationisavailable,andonlyin theabsorberfilm,notinthewholeoperationaldevices.（NanoLett., 2014, 14 (2),pp888–893）D. Infactitshouldbenotedthatverylittleoptimisationworkhasbeencarriedouton thesedevices.(Chem.Commun.,2013, 49,7893-7895)E.Byfarthemostarchitectureshavebeenpreparedusingasolutionprocessedperovskitematerial, yetafewexampleshavebeenreportedthat haveusedanevaporatedperovskitelayer.(Adv.Mater.,2014,27:1837–1841.)F.WaterbalanceissueshavebeeneffectivelyaddressedinPEMFCtechnologythroughalargebodyofworkencompassingimaging,detailedwatercontentandwaterbalancemeasurements,materialsoptimizationandmodeling, butveryfewoftheseactivitieshavebeenundertakenfor anionexchangemembranefuelcells, primarilyduetolimitedmaterialsavailabilityanddevicelifetime.(J.Polym.Sci.PartB:Polym.Phys.,2013,51:1727–1735)G.However, noneofthesestudies testedforTh17memory,arecentlyidentifiedTcellthatspecializesincontrollingextracellularbacterialinfectionsatmucosalsurfaces.(PNAS,2013, 111,787–792)H.However, uncertaintystillremainsasto themechanismbywhichLisaltadditionresultsinanextensionofthecathodicreductionlimit.(EnergyEnviron.Sci.,2014, 7,232-250) I. Therehavebeenanumberofhighprofilecaseswherefailureto identifythemoststablecrystalformofadrughasledtosevereformulationproblemsinmanufacture.(Chem.Soc.Rev.,2014, 43,2080-2088)J.However, thesemeasurementssystematicallyunderestimate theamountoforderedmaterial.(NatureMaterials2013,12,1038–1044)(六)1. 取决于a. Thisisanimportantdistinction,astheoverallactivityofacatalystwill dependon thematerialproperties,synthesismethod,andotherpossiblespeciesthatcanbeformedduringactivation. (Nat.Mater. 2017,16,225–229)b. Thisquantitativepartitioning wasdeterminedby growingcrystalsofthe1:1host–guestcomplexbetween ExBox4+ andcorannulene.(Nat.Chem. 2014, 6177–178)c. TheysuggestedthattheAuparticlesizemay bethedecisivefactorfor achievinghighlyactiveAucatalysts.(Acc.Chem.Res., 2014, 47,740–749)d. Low-valentlatetransition-metalcatalysishas becomeindispensableto chemicalsynthesis,buthomogeneoushigh-valenttransition-metalcatalysisisunderdeveloped,mainlyowingtothereactivityofhigh-valenttransition-metalcomplexesandthechallengesassociatedwithsynthesizingthem. (Nature2015, 517,449–454)e. Thepolareffect isaremarkablepropertythatenables considerablyendergonicC–Habstractions thatwouldnotbepossibleotherwise. (Nature 2015,525,87–90)f. Advancesinheterogeneouscatalysis mustrelyon therationaldesignofnewcatalysts.(Nat.Nanotechnol. 2017,12,100–101) g. Likely,theoriginofthechemoselectivitymay bealsocloselyrelatedto theH bondingwiththeNorO atomofthenitrosomoiety,asimilarH-bondingeffectisknowninenamine-basednitrosochemistry.(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed. 2014,53:4149–4153)2. 有很大潜力a. Thequestfornewmethodologiestoassemblecomplexorganicmolecules continuestobeagreatimpetusto researcheffortstodiscoverortooptimizenewcatalytictransformations.(Nat.Chem. 2015, 7,477–482)b. Nanosizedfaujasite(FAU)crystals havegreatpotentialas catalystsoradsorbentstomoreefficientlyprocesspresentandforthcomingsyntheticandrenewablefeedstocksinoilrefining,petrochemistryandfinechemistry.(Nat.Mater. 2015,14,447–451)c. Forthispurpose,vibrationalspectroscopy hasprovedpromising andveryuseful. (AccChemRes.2015,48,407–413.)d. Whileadetailedmechanismremainstobeelucidatedand thereisroomforimprovement intheyieldsandselectivities,itshouldberemarkedthatchiralitytransferupontrifluoromethylationofenantioenrichedallylsilaneswasshown.(TopCatal. 2014, 57:967. )e. Thefuturelooksbrightfor theuseofPGMsascatalysts,bothonlaboratoryandindustrialscales,becausethepreparationofmostkindsofsingle-atommetalcatalystislikelytobestraightforward,andbecausecharacterizationofsuchcatalystshasbecomeeasierwiththeadventoftechniquesthatreadilydiscriminatesingleatomsfromsmallclustersandnanoparticles.(Nature 2015,525,325–326) f. Theuniquemesostructureofthe3D-dendriticMSNSswithmesoporechannelsofshortlengthandlargediameter issupposedtobethekeyrolein immobilizationofactiveandrobustheterogeneouscatalysts,and itwouldhavemorehopefulprospectsin catalyticapplications.(ACSAppl.Mater.Interfaces, 2015, 7,17450–17459)g. Visible-lightphotoredoxcatalysis offersexcitingopportunitiesto achievechallengingcarbon–carbonbondformationsundermildandecologicallybenignconditions.(Acc.Chem.Res., 2016,49,1990–1996)3.因此同义词：Therefore,thus,consequently,hence,accordingly,so,asaresult这一条比较简单，这里主要讲一下这些词的副词词性和灵活运用。这些词并不总是以插入语的形式出现在句子最前面，还可以灵活的出现在句子的各个部分，典型的如：a. Therefore,weshiftourfocustofreeenergies,asthesearemorerelevantforareactionrateanalysis.(Nat.Mater. 2017,16,225–229)b.Ingeneral,themorphologies andthus performanceofstate-of-the-artdonorpolymers aresensitivetothechoiceoffullereneandreplacingPC71BMwithanotherC60-basedornon-PCBMfullerenedecreasesPSCefficiencyto6-7%.(NatureCommunications2014, 5,5239) c. Wehence determinethesteadystateexcitationdensity(whereexcitationscanbefreechargeorexcitons)tobebetween1013 and1015 cm−3. (NatureCommunications 2014, 5,3586 )可以变形为：Hence, Wedeterminethesteadystateexcitationdensity(whereexcitationscanbefreechargeorexcitons)tobebetween1013 and1015 cm−3. (七)1. 为了进一步说明A. Togainmoreinsight,weconductedseveralX-ray,NMR,andelectrochemicalstudies.(Acc.Chem.Res.2015,48,2813−2821)B. Tofurtherconfirm thatphosphorylationofAMPA-RinhippocampalsliceswascatalyzedbyCaM-KII,GluR1wasexpressedinHEK-293cellswithorwithoutCaM-KII.(Science 1997,276,2042-2045)C. Inordertotrace thisdynamicdevelopment,itisourgoalinthisLetter,todescribethechangesinthepropertiesofsuchhighefficiencyCu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS)solarcells. (Phys.Stat.Sol.(RRL), 2015,9:28–31.)D. Togain/achieveabetterunderstandingof howtheimmunesystemrespondstoMPDL3280A,thelevelsoftheIL-18immunostimulatorycytokineandIFN-γ,whichisstimulatedbyIL-18,wereexaminedoverseveralcycles.(Nature 2014,515,558–562)E. Tofurtherexplorethisconcept, weprovideanexample,wherepatientAunderwentradicalprostatectomywithundetectablepostoperativeserumPSAin2005.(NatureReviewsUrology 2017,14,193–194)F. Inordertodeeplyinvestigate theaggregationpropertiesinthisrangeofconcentrations,westudiedthesecondarystructureofthesepeptidederivativesbyCDandFTIRspectroscopies.(SciRep. 2016,6:26638.) 2.关于，至于A. Concerning/Asto adsorbedthiolatesonthe(100)surfacesofallthesemetals,theDFTcalculationsrevealthattheyexhibitabetterstabilitythantherespective(111)facesintermsof γ,asshowninthecorrespondingTables. (RSCAdv., 2014, 4,27730-27754)B.Itshouldbenotedthattheadditiveswerenotevaluated withregardto possibleinfluenceonreactivityorstabilitytothereactionconditions.(NatureChemistry 2013,5,597–601)C. Inthefollowing,wewillusethisasymptoticnotationalso whenreferringto thedimerplasmonsforsmallseparations,althoughthedimerplasmonsinthatcasecontaincontributionsfromallangularmomenta.(NanoLetters, 2004, 4,899–903)D.Conversely,information regarding themagnetoelectriccoefficientsbasedonelectrical oroptical experimentscanaidthedeterminationofmagneticpointgroupsymmetries. E.Thearrivalofnanomaterialsgavelithium-ionbatteriesanewleaseoflife andprovidedbenefits intermsof capacity,power,costandmaterialssustainabilitythatarestillfarfrombeingfullyexploited.(Nature 2008,451,652-657)F. ThedominanceoftheAugereffectinnanocrystalQDsalsoimpliesthatevenrelativelypoorlypassivatedsamplescouldbehaveaswellasthebestsamples whenitcomesto gainandstimulatedemission,becauseaslongastrappingratesarelowerthanAugerrates,thetwoe-hpairlifetimeisdeterminedbytheintrinsicAugerdecay.(Science 2000,290, 314-317)3.然而However,nevertheless,nonetheless,onthecontrary,incontrast,yet,evenso,but同样，使用这些词时注意它们的词性，实际上它们也可以灵活运用到句子当中A.Nevertheless, becausetheAugertimescaleissubstantiallyfasterthansurfacetrappinginthesedots,bothtypesofsamplesshowedsimilargainproperties.( Science 2000, 290, 314-317)B.Theexistenceofopticalgain, however,doesnotguaranteethedevelopmentofstimulatedemission. (Science 2000, 290, 314-317)C.Evenso,theanionsmaybehelpingtopre-organise 4,ortheHofmeisteranioneffectsmaybetheonlyeffects. (NatureChemistry 2009,1,403-408)(八)1. 某数据使我们得出…结论A.  Because theellipsometricdatagiveaHS-ssDNAfilmthicknessofapproximately20%oftheexpectedmaximumthickness, weconcludethat theHS-ssDNAmonolayerisnotatightlypackedmonolayer,andthattheDNAchainsarenotorientedperpendiculartothesurface.(J.Am.Chem.Soc., 1997, 119 (38),8916–8920)B.Thebehaviorofthecorrelationcoefficient makesusconcludethat alinearrelationshipbetweeninteractionenergyandthechargedensityatthebondcriticalpointisstillvalidformultiple-bondcriticalpoints.(J.Phys.Chem.1995,99,9747-9754)C. Onthebasisoftheseresultsweconcludedthat compartmentAismorecloselyassociatedwithopen,accessible,activelytranscribedchromatin. (Science 2009,326,289-293)可变形为：Onthebasisofourfindings,itcanbeconcludedthat… 或者：Fromtheresultswehaveobtained,onecanconcludethat...D.Theverylowenergythresholds leadustoconcludethat semiconductingpolymerscompriseaclassofpromisinglasermaterials. (Science 1996,273,1883)E.  Ourfindingsleadustoconcludethat thevoltage-sensorpaddlesoperatesomewhatlikehydrophobiccationsattachedtolevers,enablingthemembraneelectricfieldtoopenandclosethepore. (Nature 2003,423, 42-48) 2. 考虑到…A.Giventheobservedincreaseofabout10%,theexpectedincreaseofPDIisabout40%, takingintoaccount theincreaseddurationofevents. (Nature 2005,436, 686-688)B. Takingtheaboveobservationsintoaccount, weconcludethatPAB (eq.10),calculatedwiththelocalizedspinorbitalsthatmaximizeNa,definesacovalentbondorderbetweentheatomsAandBintheLewis(resonance)structuredescribedbythisparticularsetoflocalizedspinorbitals.(J.Am.Chem.Soc. 1991,113, 4142-4145)C. Giventhat onlyarylenoneshavereductionpotentialssufficientlypositivetoacceptanelectronfromthephotogeneratedRu(bpy)3+ reductant,arylenone 6 canbeselectivelyreducedinthepresenceofalkylenone 7 toformthenucleophilicradicalanionintermediate.(Nat.Chem.2010,2,527–532)D. Consideringthat thezincion,thedeprotonatedligand 1 andbridgingoxooxygenhavechargesof+2,-1and-2,respectively,weneedtwoadditionalpositivechargesper[Zn3(μ3-O)(1-H)6]2-unitforoverallneutrality. (Nature 2000, 404,982-986) 3.使…明了A.Atransparentandrigorousapproach,however,canalmostalways shinealighton issuesofreproducibility.(Science, 2014,346,679) B. Toshedlighton theevolutionofqualitativepheromonealterations,westudiedsexpheromonesinthewaspgenus Nasonia,anemergingmodelsystemforinvestigatingthegeneticsofspeciationandcomplextraits.(Nature 2013,494,345–348)C. Inthisregard,whatisrequestedtomaterialchemistsis tomakeclear therelationshipsamongchemicalstructure,quantumchemicalsimulation,physicalpropertiesanddeviceperformances.(J.Mater.Chem.C,2013, 1,1699-1707)D. Inorderto clarify thepossiblereasonsforthehigherphotocatalyticaswellasphotoelectricpropertiesofAg3PO4 cubesthansphericalparticles,thesurfacestructuresandatomicconfigurationsofAg3PO4 {100}planeshavebeenfurtherstudied. (Chem.Commun., 2012, 48,3748-3750) (九)1. 本项研究的意义/亮点在于…A. Ourresearchextendstheknowledgeinto thebiologicalmechanismsinducedbyLPLI.(CellularSignalling,2015,27,1265-1275)或者ThisresearchextendsourknowledgeofB.Thisrelationship canserveas adesigncriterion for discoticmaterialsinfuturemolecularelectronicdevices. (Adv.Mater., 2001,13,130–133)C. Theresultsdemonstrateforthefirsttimeevidencefor adifferentiationbetweentheneuralresponsestofacialexpressionsoftwonegativeemotions,fearanddisgust. (Nature 1997,389,495-498)D.Thiscombinationofsolventandrenewablereactants presentsawiderangeofpossibilitiesforthefurtherdevelopmentof greennanoparticlesyntheses. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2003, 125,13940–13941)E.  Thismechano-responsiveIRemitter shouldthushavegreatpotentialforapplicationsin bioimagingandsecurityinks. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6514–6517)F.The3DNNCexperiment thereforeprovidesapowerfulplatformfor solid-stateproteinstudies andisbroadlyapplicabletoavarietyofsystemsandexperimentalconditions. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6518–6521)G.Therefore,beyonditsutilityasa“controlprobe”demonstratedinthisstudy,ourdecaging-enabledsite-specificincorporationofthephoto-lysineprobe mayallowtheidentificationof unmodifiedlysine-mediatedhistone–effectorinteractions. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6522–6525)H. Thisworkhasexpandedthepossibilityof liganddesign forthedevelopmentof efficientandselectivephotocatalyticCO2 reductionusingmetal-complexcatalysts. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6538–6541)I.Thischemistry exhibited goodatomandstepeconomy andofferedacomplementarystrategyin organicsynthesistoproduceC-basedskeletonsfromO-linkedmolecules. (J. Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6546–6549)类似的：TheseDAEsexhibitreversiblephotoswitchingwithoutrequiringanyadditivestotheimagingmediaandopennewpathstowardthemodulardesignoffluorescentdyesforbioimagingwithopticalsuperresolution.(J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6611–6620)J. Thischemicalapproachmaybeappliedtodesigninganewclassofchemicaltools thatcancontroltheactivitiesofnativecellsandrepresentsmartandsaferregenerativedrugs. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6554–6557)K. Keytothisdevelopmentwasthefindingthat theuseoftrifluoroethanolasthesolventimpartselectrophiliccharacteronthepyridylradicalintermediates. L. Assuch, itoffersimportantadvantagesover laboriouslayer-by-layermethodsforsolarcellsandphotodetectors, whileopeningthedoortonewpossibilitiesin ionizing-radiationdetectors. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6644–6653)M. Thesesystemsarepromisingcandidatesfor thedevelopmentoflonger,mixed-sequencesyntheticinformationmoleculesthatshowsequence-selectiveduplexformation. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6654–6662)类似的：Thesehybridassemblies areshowntobepotentiallyattractivecandidatesin photoelectrochemicalenergyconversionschemes,namelyCO2 reduction.(J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6682–6692)N. Thesefindingsraisetheprospectsof pureSnperovskitesforsolarcellsapplication. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6693–6699)类似的：Ourfindingoffersanewroutinefordesigningnew-typePb-freehalideperovskitesolarabsorbers. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6718–6725)Thesefindingsrevealanimportantnewstrategyfor creatinglongerandmorecomplexelectroactive,nucleicacidassemblies. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6726–6735)TheinsituCOF-to-COFtransformation mightalsoofferanewavenuefor functionalizationandpropertymodificationofCOFsviastructuraldoping. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6726–6735) 2. 进一步地研究正在进行中A. Extensionofthis metal-binding principletoother enantioselectivetransformations canbepredictedandworkinthatdirectionisactiveinourlaboratories. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2003, 125,13942–13943)B. Effortsarecurrentlyunderwaytoexamine iftheseuniquecomplexesarecapableofH2 transferreactivity,andwhatramificationsbimetalliccooperativitymayhaveinsuchprocesses. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6570–6573)C. Furthermechanisticstudiesandthedevelopmentof relatedprocesses areongoinginourlaboratory.D.  Futureworkwillfocuson implementing[13C]-GlycinPKM2-relatedcancermodels andextending thesespectroscopicmethods toward theevaluationofintracellularredoxenvironments.(J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2017, 139,6629–6634)E. Theinvestigationson suchpotentials arecurrentlyunderwayinourlaboratory. (J.Am.Chem.(十)1.列举 A. Thestudyofphasetransitionsinvolvingsoluteintercalationinnanomaterialsisessentialforawiderangeofapplications,suchas hydrogenstorage,batterycharging,memoryswitchingandnanoparticlesynthesis.（Ref.:NatureMater.,2014,13(12):1143）B.Differentqdotsolubilizationstrategieshavebeendevisedoverthepastfewyears, including (i)ligandexchangewithsimplethiol-containingmoleculesormoresophisticatedones suchas oligomericphosphines,dendrons,andpeptides;(ii)encapsulationbyalayerofamphiphilicdiblockortriblockcopoymersorinsilicashells;and(iii)combinationsoflayersofdifferentmoleculesconferringtherequiredcolloidalstabilitytoqdots.（Ref.:Science2005:307,538-544）C. Possibletoenvision,butyettobedemonstrated, forexample/instance, are:(a)usefulmulti-catalystarchitecturesthatareverydifficulttoaccessotherwise,(b)metalcoordinationenvironments,andthereforereactivity,thatcanbeachievedinnootherway,and(c)reactivity-definingmicroenvironmentsthatcanbeachievedinfewotherways.(Ref.: Chem.Soc.Rev.,2009, 38,1450-1459)注：suchas和include一般引入的都是不完全列表，所列出的项目仅仅是几个例子而已（一般列举最有代表性的三个），在列表结束时不需要加etc，andsoon，或者andothers等字样。D.Colloidalsemiconductorquantumdotsaresinglecrystalsafewnanometersindiameterwhosesizeandshapecanbepreciselycontrolledby theduration,temperature,andligandmoleculesusedinthesynthesis（Science2005:307,538-544）。注：列举不一定需要suchas,including之类的引导词E.Tobeconsideredforfurtherdevelopment,leadstructuresshoulddisplay thefollowing properties:  (1) simplechemicalfeatures,amenableforchemistryoptimization; (2) membershiptoanestablishedSARseries; (3) favorablepatentsituation;and (4) goodabsorption,distribution,metabolism,andexcretion(ADME)properties.(J.Chem.Inf.Comput.Sci., 2001, 41 (5),1308–1315). F..Discussed areexamplesof: (a)opportunisticcatalysiswithmetalnodes,(b)designedcatalysiswithframeworknodes,(c)catalysisbyhomogeneous catalysts incorporatedasframeworkstruts,(d)catalysisbyMOF-encapsulatedmolecularspecies,(e)catalysisbymetal-freeorganicstrutsorcavitymodifiers,and(f)catalysisbyMOF-encapsulatedclusters (Ref.: Chem.Soc.Rev.,2009, 38,1450-1459)G.Thefieldsofcatalysis,electrocatalysis,photocatalysisandphotoelectricity areallexamplesof wherenanotechnologyisimpactingoncurrentscience.(Chem.Soc.Rev.,2011, 40,4167-4185)H.Heterogeneousasymmetriccatalysishasbeensubdivided intothreemajorcategories: 1) applicationofimmobilizedhomogeneouscatalysts, 2) catalysisonsurfacesthatarechiralthemselvesormodifiedwithchiralmodifiers,and 3) diastereoselectivereactionsofchiralsubstratespromotedbyachiralcatalysts.（Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2006,45:4732–4762）注：先给出列表中项目的数量，然后给出列表。需要注意：前面的数字和后面列出的项目数一定要一致。I. Thediffusionbarrierlimitsthemasstransportationtoandfromtheactivesites,whichisquiteimportantfortheapplications like gassensing,catalysis,ion-exchangeseparation, andsoforth. (Adv. Funct.Mater. 2007, 17,2766–2771)2.重点在于A. Thekeyto providinganefficienttransformationofenergytoachemicalformorfromonechemicalformintoanother is  theavailabilityofsuitablecatalysts.（PNAS,2011,108,937）B.Thedevelopmentofsustainableenergysolutionsrepresentsoneofthemostimportantscientificandtechnicalchallengesofourtime,andheterogeneouscatalysisis atthe heartoftheproblem.（PNAS,2011,108,937） C. Animportantquestionwithregardto chargeseparation is theroleof“excessenergy”thatthehotCTn stateinheritedfromtheexciton.(Science2012:335,1340-1344)D. Thekeypointof thepresentresearch is totranscribethechiralityinorganogelfibersintothesilicautilizingelectrostaticinteractions.(J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2000, 122 (20),5008–5009)E. Particularemphasisisplacedon developingconceptsthatcanbeusedtounderstandandpredictvariationsinreactivityfromonetransitionmetaltothenextortheeffectsofalloying,surfacestructure,andadsorbate-adsorbateinteractionsonthereactivity.(Advancesincatalysis,2000,45:71-129.)F. Thespecificfocusis theuseofatomtransferradicalpolymerizationtosynthesizegradientcopolymerswithvariouscompositionprofiles.(J.Phys.Org.Chem.2000;13:775–786)11)：倍数如何表示但是它的变化形式是多种多样的，下面举例说明：A.Bycontrast,asimilarsetofmeasurementsforCO2overaLi/MgOcatalyst,whichisknowntoformcarbonateseasily, indicateda2-fold increaseinresidencetime forCO2witha2-foldincreaseintheamountofcatalyst.(Ref.:J.Am.Chem.Soc.1990,112,6129-6130) B. Anearly8-foldincreaseofreleasingratewas recordedin GSHsolutionthaninthetripeptide,suggestingthatthethiolgroupisresponsibleforreleasing HSBDP ligandsfromthe AuNP surfacethroughtheplace-exchangereaction.(J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2006, 128 (4),pp1078–1079)C. ThisSnO2–TiO2 compositepossessedahighphotocatalyticactivityforthedegradationofRhodamineB(RhB)dyeunderUVlightirradiation,whichwas almost2.5timeshigherthanthatof thebareTiO2.(Chem.Soc.Rev., 2014, 43,5234-5244)D. Inthiscommunication,wereportaverylowpressureCVDprocessthatyieldsgraphenewithdomainsofupto0.5mminsize,whichis afactorof∼30timeslargerthanpreviouslyreported. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2011, 133 (9),pp2816–2819)E.  Incontrast,[C4mim]Clhasachlorideconcentration almost3timesashigh, (approximately20mol%).(J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2002, 124 (18),pp4974–4975)F. Aggregation-favouredemission with2.2–8.7timesenhancementin ΦF wasobservedinafew polymer systems.(Chem.Commun.,2001,1740-1741)G. Recentresearchonthetransportofwaterthroughhydrophobicdouble-walledcarbonnanotubesispromising,demonstratingwaterfluxesthatare overthreeordersofmagnitudehigherthan thosepredictedfromcontinuumhydrodynamicmodels.(Nature2008,452,301-310)H. Thisstepalso enhances qdots'photostability byseveralordersofmagnituderelativetoconventionaldyes.(Science2005,307,538-544)I. WhentheconcentrationofAgNO3 wasincreasedbyafactorof3 and themolarratiobetween therepeatingunitofPVPandAgNO3 waskeptat 1.5,single-crystallinenanocubesofsilverwereobtained.(Science2002,298,2176-2179) J. Thesizeofthesegoldboxes increasedby∼20%ascomparedwiththatof thesilvertemplates. (Science2002,298,2176-2179)K. Suchinteractionscanexplainthecommonfindingthatdistancesbetweenneighboringclustersintwo-dimensionalgoldparticlearraysarelessthan twicethelengthof thefullyextendedthiol.(Science2007,318,430-433)L. After50cycles,thecapacityofthenanowires wastwicethatof nanoparticulateTiO2-B.(Adv.Mater.2005,17,862)M. Wedemonstrateforthe17-kDaproteincalmodulinandthe41-kDamaltodextrin-bindingproteinthatSAILofferssharpenedlines,spectralsimplificationwithoutlossofinformation,andtheabilitytorapidlycollectthestructuralrestraintsrequiredtosolveahigh-qualitysolutionstructureforproteins twiceaslargeas commonlysolvedbyNMR.(Nature2006,440,52)N. ThisstabilizingeffectofAuclustersandlackofORRinhibition,despiteblockageof approximatelyone-thirdof thePtsitesonAu/Pt/CbyAu,areintriguingphenomenathatmayhaveadditionalapplicationsbeyondfuelcells.(Science2007,315,220-222)O. AlthoughUVirradiationaloneinducednegligiblephenoldecomposition,itscombinationwithultrasoundnearly doubled therateobservedbyultrasoundalone.(J.Hazard. Mater.2007,146,61. 一篇论文不可能把所有需要研究的内容都搞清楚，那么在文章中如何委婉地表述某些内容并不是本文的关注重点？(12)1. 一篇论文不可能把所有需要研究的内容都搞清楚，那么在文章中如何委婉地表述某些内容并不是本文的关注重点？ A. Althoughadetailedinvestigationof thesefactors isbeyondthescopeofthiswork,weacknowledgethat theV(motif)representsanupperboundoftheequilibriumactivesitecoverageforthespecificmaterialswehaveconsidered.（Nat.Mater.2016,10.1038/NMAT4760）类似的：Althoughfurtherstudiesarerequiredtoclarifythisquestion,apossibletentativeexplanationisthefactthat inthesetestsNO2,formedbyoxidationofNOandnotrapidlyconvertedtonitrate,actsasanoxidantforSO2(moreactivethanO2)thusfavouringtherateofdeactivation.(CatalysisToday 2002,73,287-296)B. Furtherstudieson syntheticapplicationsoftheseimportantandrelatedtransformations arecurrentlyinprogress. (AngewandteChemieInternationalEdition,2006,45:7079–7082)类似的：Wenotethat themechanismofMTP-to-SCtransformation meritdetailedstudyandwillbepresentedelsewhere. （J.Am.Chem.Soc.2017,139,13740−13748）参见：SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(九)C. Leveragingnewtoolstostudy theroleofFecationsforOERin variouschemicalandelectronicenvironments islikelyto furtherimproveourunderstandingof high-activityalkaline OERcatalysts.(Chem.Mater.2015,27,8011−8020)类似的：Weattemptedtoconfirmthishypothesiswith scanningelectronmicroscopy, butwewereunsuccessful. Furtherexperiments,forexample,using single-crystalAuandPtwithatomicforcemicroscopy, wouldbehelpful. (Chem.Mater.2015,27,8011−8020)注：在有些情况下，研究条件不允许进行某项表征时，可以在讨论时指出可行的研究方法，这在一定程度上可以避免审稿人在comments中提到类似的问题。（这种方式请根据个人喜好采用，如有不同意见，可忽视）30-635) 2.  图X展示了。。。A.GIXRDpatternsinFigure1A show thebulkstructuralinformationonas-depositedfilms.（Chem.Mater.2015,27,8011−8020）B. Figure1g plots theconcentrationofMTPsasthefunctionofthepolarityofthetreatmentsolvents.（J.Am.Chem.Soc.2017,139,13740−13748）备注：这里重点是推荐plot这个词，在X-Y散点图中，用plot作为动词更加形象。C. Moreinterestingly,theyalso fallintothequasi-linearplotof TOFsandMTPconcentrations asindicatedbyredstarsinFigure2a.注：某个数据点刚好吻合某种关系。。。D. Whenthe massloading islessthan 3μgcm−2,thecurrentdensityisnearlyproportionaltothenumberofdepositedFeions, resultingin aconstantTOF. With loading increasingfrom 3 to 7.5μgcm−2,thecurrentdensitydoesnotincreaseproportionally; consequently, theTOFdecreases. Once themassloading isgreaterthan ∼7.5μgcm−2, thecurrentdensity remainsconstant, indicatingtheadditionalmassdoesnotcontributetotheactivity.（Chem.Mater.2015,27,8011−8020）注：分区间讨论。。。3.有助于。。。A.Thecrossoverofthesetwomicrostructures allows afacilecontroloverthedefectsassociatedwiththetwinboundariesofAuNPs, andhelpsustoreveal theimportanceoftwinboundaryeffectsongas-phasecatalyticoxidationofalcohols.（J.Am.Chem.Soc.2017,139,13740−13748）B. Performingmetal-mediatedredoxchemistrywhereoxidationstatechangesoccurattheligandwhilethemetal’selectronicconfigurationismaintainedisamuchbroaderconceptthat islikelytoinspire newtransformationsand,ultimately,newapplications.(Science2010,327,794-795) C. Theextendednetworkofπbondsintheseligands allow themnotonlyto stabilizeradicalspecies butalsotofacilitate reversiblereactionswiththemetalcenterthatmayinvolveradicalformation. (Science2010,327,794-795)D. Despitethesuccessofthesematerials,itisrecognisedthatthesynthesisofentirelynovelmicroporousmaterials wouldbenefit fundamentalresearch andprovidenewopportunities inemergingtechnologicalareassuchashydrogenstorage.(Chem.Soc.Rev.,2006,35,675–683)（13）：Introduction中如何描述目前研究的分歧？前言：在Introduction中，我们通常需要对已发表文献的结果进行总结并提炼出其中值得研究的科学问题。而非常常见的一种情况是人们对于某一科学问题还没有定论，不同的人有不同的观点，那么在写作时，有哪些常见的句型可以应用这种情景呢？一般而言，这种情况下采用总分式进行写作，先提出论点（总：指出存在分歧），然后分别陈述论据（介绍分歧的具体内容）。示例：(总)Themechanismwithwhichtungstenoxidecanactivatethevanadiumoxy-centersfortheSCR isstillmatterofdebate. （分）Someauthors pointedoutthat tungstenoxidegivesrisetostrongerBrønstedacidsites,whosepresencefavorsthereaction. Otherauthorsproposedthat theSCRreactionneedstwosites,andWO3 canofferthepresenceofasecondsite. Alternatively,ithasbeensuggestedthat theV2O5–WO3/TiO2 solidpresentsquitepeculiarelectronicfeatures,involvingthesemiconductingnatureoftitaniaandthesimilarityofthe d levelsoftungsten,vanadiumandtitanium. 参考文献：Appl.Catal.B:Environ.1998,18,1-36常用的句式有：A. Themechanismwithwhichtungstenoxidecanactivatethevanadiumoxy-centersfortheSCR isstillmatterofdebate. （Appl.Catal.B:Environ.1998,18,1-36） 类似：Low-temperatureCOoxidationbysupportedAunanoparticles, firstreportedby Harutaetal., isinterestingfromafundamentalpointofview,astheexactoriginof thecatalyticactivity ismuchdebated.（J.Phys.Chem.C,2008,112(17),6900–6906）Asheterogeneouscatalyststheyhavenotprovedamenabletointimatestudy, andeventothisdaythereremainsanon-goingdebateabout theoxidationstateoftheactivechromiumcentres.(Chem.Commun.,1998,1651-1652)B. Chargetransportinmesoporoussystems isunderkeendebatetodayandseveralinterpretationsbasedon theMontrol–Schermodelforrandomdisplacementofchargecarriersindisorderedsolids havebeenadvanced.（J. Photochem.Photobio.A:Chem.2004,164,3-14）变形：Debatehaslongprevailedastowhether...类似：Thecontroversyaboutscientificevidencefor X hasragedunabatedforoveracentury. C. Althoughconsiderableprogresshasbeenmade, particularlyinthelastfiveyears, thishasbeenaccompaniedbymuchdebate. Inaddition,someunexpectedandintriguingfindingshaveemerged. （BiochemSocTrans. 1995，23(2):321-4.）D. Cu-containing zeolites,mainlyZSM-5, havereceivedmuchattentiondueto theirhighactivityfortheSCRreactionandforthedecompositionofNO. ThetypeofactiveCuspeciesinthesereactions hasbeenamuchdebatedtopic; both isolatedCuions anddimericCuspecies havebeenproposedastheactivesite. Inaddition,evidencefor theimportanceofCu2+/Cu+ redoxcycle hasbeenpresented. (Chem.Commun.,2011, 47,800-802) E.Itisanopenquestionif catalyticcoherenceisassociatedwithacostoforderedenergy.(Phys.Rev.Lett.2014,113,150402)F. Todate,therehasbeenlittleagreementin thewaylaboratoriesprepare,measure,andcorrectforuncontrolledhydrogenisotopicexchangeincomplexorganicsamples,resultinginincomparableδDresults. Previously, nitrationandpreparativeequilibrationprocedures aimedat controllingexchangeablehydrogenweredesignedforspecificsampletypes(e.g.cellulose,chitin) butrequired extensiveprocessingofindividualsamples. Herewedescribe a static,high-temperaturepreparativeequilibrationtechniquethatprovides increasedsamplethroughputandδDmeasurementsthatarenotcompromisedbyuncontrolledisotopicexchange.（Environ.Sci.Technol.,2000,34(11),2354–2360）变形：Therehasbeendisagreementconcerning thereactionsthatmustbeincludedinthekineticmodeloftheprocess.（Appl.Catal.A:Gen.1999,179,21-29）G.Thekineticparametersforcarbondioxidehydrationcatalysisbycarbonicanhydrase(EC4.2.1.1)presentanapparentparadox. Theassumptionof H2CO3 asthehydrationproduct requires therateofrecombinationofH2CO3 withenzymetobefasterthanthediffusionlimit. Thealternativeassumptionof HCO3- astheproductofhydrationlikewise requires active-siteionizationratestoexceedthediffusionlimit.(Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA,1973,70,1986-1989)H. Thisconcepthasbeenchallengedbynumerousobservationsthat thecellswithinaterminallydifferentiatedepitheliumcanindeedchangetheirphenotypethroughactivationofanEMTprogram,whichenablestransdifferentiation,resultingintheconversionofepithelialcellstomesenchymalderivativesduringdevelopmentandadulthood. 类似1：However, theroleof myelininhibitors hasbeenchallengedbyastudyinwhich micro-injectedadultperipheralsensoryneuronswerecapableofextendingaxonsalongmyelintractsintheintactadultratspinalcord.(Nature,2000,407,963)类似2：Thedebateabout X hasgainedfreshprominencewithmanyarguingthat ... I. Contradictoryfindingshaveappearedintheliteratureregarding theinhibitionofFIFoATPasesbyA1andFcombined.(ArchMicrobiol(1990)155:22-27)类似1：Morerecently,literaturehasemergedthatofferscontradictoryfindingsabout 类似2：Itisthereforecuriousthatquitedifferentandcontradictoryfindingshavebeenpublishedabout reaction(I).(J.Chem.SOC.,FaradayTrans.I,1983,79,1649-1658)类似3：Thiscontradictstheresults ofLongandYang, whofound thesamereactivityofNH4+ionswithanequimolarNO-2NO2ratioonH-ZSM-5andFe-ZSM-5at200oC. 类似4：Thesefindingsarecontradictorytoresults onFe-ZSM-5zeolites, whichshowed anincreaseintheamountofreducedFe2+specieswhenheatedto700oC.(CatalysisReviews,2008,50:4,492-531)J. Twoconflictinginterpretationsofthisphenomenonhavebeenproposed: asurfacepHeffectandapH–dependentmodificationoftheconformationoftheadsorbedenzyme. (EuropeanJournalofSoilScience,1996,47:511–522)类似1：TherelationshipbetweenXandY hasattractedconflictinginterpretationsfrom …K.Whileexamplesofwell-characterized mononucleariron(IV)–oxocomplexesnow abound, andadvancesinourunderstandingof theirreactivity havebeensubstantial, muchlessisknownabout coppercongenershavinga[CuO]+ core (3). Manyproposalsfortheinvolvementof[CuO]+ species, aswellasthe protonatedversion[CuOH]2+ (4), in oxidationreactions haveappeared,butsupportingevidenceissparseandindirect,and suchspecies havenotbeenobserveddirectlyas discrete complexesincondensedphase.(Acc.Chem.Res.,2015,48(7),2126–2131)（14）1.在研究过程中，有些结果总是出乎我们的意料，那么在写作时，可以用哪些句型来表达这一情境呢？A.  Whatissurprisingisthat thecaspasepathwaytakesplaceintheinteriorofacell.（Cell1997,91,443-446）B. Furthermore,we have noticed, most surprisingly,  that the optical rotation of several modified dendrimersof thefifthgenerationisvanishingly small.(Science1994,266,1226-1229)C. Oneunanticipatedfindingwasthat antibodyscreeningexperimentsofthistypecanbeusefulforrevealingprotein-proteininteractionsandthuscanprovidenewinsightsintobiology.(NatureBiotechnology 2003, 21, 1509–1512)D. Thisfindingwasunexpectedandsuggeststhat theassociationbetweenhemostaticfunctionandobesityinvolvesadditionalfactor(s)besidesthosedirectlyrelatedtothecoagulationorfibrinolyticsystems.(JClinInvest.2001,108(10):1533–1540.)F. Thisisasomewhatsurprisingresult,sinceonewouldexpectatfirstviewthat, astheside-chainlengthincreases,theoverallcontributionofthestrong,associatingelectrostatic(andhydrogen-bond)termstotheinteractionsdiminishes,whilethecontributionofweaker,nonassociatingdispersionforcesincreases. (J.Phys.Chem.B, 2006, 110 (7),3330–3335)G. Contrarytoexpectation, someofthenewdeviceshavestrikinglyhighconversionefficiencies,whichcompetewiththoseofconventionaldevices.(Nature 2001,414:338-344)2.在撰写论文时，我们不仅需要摆现象，还需要对现象进行解释，那么写作时有哪些句型可以对实验现象进行解释呢？A. Toexplaintheobservedactivity, wemightconsider anefficientspilloverofH2O2 fromAuclusterstothesurroundingPtatoms,wherefurtherreductiontoH2Ocantakeplace. Alternatively, ifAuOHisformedatcertainpotentials, itmayhelpin reducingH2O2,asdiscussedforalkalinesolutions. Suchbehaviorcouldaccount for thenegligiblelossofactivityofthePtsurfacetowardORR.(Science2007,315,220-222)B. Thelargernumberofelectron-donating hydroxylgroupsintheRAmoleculerelativetoBHT,andtheresonance stabilisationoftheformedRAradical explain the higherradicalscavengingactivityofRA.(Phytochem.Anal.,2002,13:8–17)C. Thismaybeexplainedby a decreaseinthesolubilityofthebenzylalcoholinthis mixture.(Adv.Synth.Catal.2004,346,805-811)D.  Apossibleexplanationisthat astheZnSeouter-shellgrewthicker,thecrystalfieldforeachdopantionbecamemoresymmetricinlongrange. (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2005, 127 (50),17586–17587)E. Thisdifferencemayarisefrom bindingtorelativelyhigheraffinityopen-metalsites(presentinMOF-74andHKUST-1)ortoconstrictedporesinIRMOF-11.(J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2006, 128 (11),3494–3495)F. After24h,theentirewaterphaseisfilledhomogeneouslywithdark-greenpolyaniline,whiletheorganiclayerappearsred-orange, likely due to theformationofanilineoligomers.(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2003,125.2:314-315)G. Theseresultsimplythat thecurrentsuccessfulsynthesisofmonodispersenanocrystals canbeattributedto theeffectiveseparationofnucleationandgrowthprocesses, whichresultfrom thedifferenttemperaturedependenceofnucleationandgrowthkinetics.(NatureMaterials 2004, 3, 891–895)H. Thereasonforthisisnotclearbutitmayhavesomethingtodowith(berelatedto)..