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1、分词作状语1.分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件，方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如：PutintouseinApril2000(=WhenitwasputintouseinApril2000),thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.(2005上海)分词短语作时间状语Blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork(=Becau
2、seshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork),Alicewasinlowspirits.(2006福建)分词短语作原因状语Giventime(=Ifheisgiventime),he’llmakeafist-classtennisplayer.（03北京）分词短语作条件状语Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,thinkingthatallchildrenlikethesethings.(=andthinkthatallc
3、hildrenlikethesethings.)(2006全国3)分词短语作伴随状语2.有时为了强调，分词前可带when,while,if,though,asif,unless等连词一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如：Whencomparingdifferentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.（2006浙江）Thoughtired,hestillcontinuedreading.3.现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较
4、。不管是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状语从句或并列句，如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。例如：Whencomparedwiththesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.（04湖北）分词部分相当于Whenthebiggestoceaniscomparedwiththesizeofthewholeearth,主语与分词是被动关系，所以用过去分词。W
5、hencomparingitwiththesizeofthewholeearth,wefindthatthebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.Whenwecompareitwiththesizeofthewholeearth...主语与分词是主动关系,所以用现在分词。Facedwithabillfor＄10,000(=Becauseheisfacedwithabillfor＄10,000),Johnhastakenanextrajob.(2006全国2)Wheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass,he
6、wouldanswercarelessly,alwayssayingthesamething(=andhewouldsaythesamething).（2006江苏）注意：1.现在分词有两种时态：一般式doing和完成式havingdone。一般式通常表示与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或无先后；完成式则强调分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如：Whilewalkinginthestreet,wemetsomefriendsofours.（同时发生）Havingwaitedinthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyreali
7、zedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.（04北京）（“等待”先于谓语动词“意识到”）2.分词的否定式的构成:not+分词。Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.练习：PartA:Multiplechoices.单选1.______,Iwenttotherailwaystationtoseemyfriendoff. A.Aftereatingquicklymydinner B.AftermyquicklyeatingdinnerC.Aftereatingmydinnerquickly
8、 D.
