现在计算机底层软件技术

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1、现代计算机底层软件技术顶星数码PC底层软件包括？BIOSBasicInputOutputSystem基本输入输出系统系统硬件的一部分硬件中的软件ECEmbeddedControllerProgramEmbeddedkeyboard&EmbeddedMousePowerManagementBatterySystemBIOS功能BootOSfromsomemediaInitializeISASystemInitializeSpecificHardwareInitializeIndustryStandardsystemOf

2、fersysteminformationtoOSandAppHardwareProgramInterfaceroutinePowerManageSxSupportBootOSfromsomemediaDeviceTypeATA/ATAPIDeviceUSBHarddisk/floppy/CDROMPCIDeviceOtherSelectableBBSSpecInitializeSpecificHardwareMemorySizingGPIOClockChipCSSpecificInitializeSpecificHa

3、rdwarePortingtoourSystemCardBusControllerInitializeISASystemVGAto…Keyboard8259,8254,…InitializeIndustryStandardsystemInitializePCISystemInitializePnPSystemInitializeATA/ATASystemInitializeUSBSystemOther1394…InitializePCISystemEnumeratePCISystemBusNo,DeviceNo,an

4、dFunctionNoAllocateSystemResourcetoEveryPCIDeviceMemoryIOCopyROMtoROMAddressInitializePnPSystemBasedOnSCDInitializePnPISAInitializeCompatiblePnPDeviceSupperIOCardReader(LPC)InitializeATA/ATAPISystemNativeSupport?HowManyController?LoopeveryChanneltofinddeviceIni

5、tializeeveryfoundHarddiskandCDROMSetupInt13RoutineandDiskParameterTableInitializeUSBSystemAllocatesystemresourcetoUSBControllerLoopEverycontrollertofinddeviceSetAddressEnumerateDeviceClassHookfromUSBStorageDeviceOffersysteminformationtoOSandAppToOS:ACPIInt15MPT

6、ablePCIRoutingTable…ToAppSMBIOSF000Information…HardwareProgramInterfaceroutineINTKeyboardMouseFloppyHardDisk,VGA…SMIAPMSpeedStepINT过程SoftwareHardwareSMI过程PowerManagementSxSupportS4=S5S3JudgeS3RestoreSomeDeviceEnvironmentSearchACPITableJudgetoOSroutineAddressSpa

7、ceConceptAddressSpacePCIISAMemorySpace（4GB）BIOSLocationBIOSAreaFFFFFFFF以2M的BIOS为例，其占用的内存范围为0FFFC0000H--0FFFFFFFFH00000000占用高端地址BIOSLocationF000SegmentE000Segment0000000000100000BIOS最高两个段的内容同时被映射到1M以下的高端地址。ShadowDRAM空间vsROM空间CHIPSET寻址控制程序运行速度A000:0hE000:0hF000

8、:0hCGAVGAB000:0hC000:0hB800:0hAvailableVGABIOSC800:0hExpansionROMsD000:0hSystemBIOSSystemBIOSAvailableShadowAreaMemoryMapBelow1M00000-003FFIntVector00400-004FFBIOSDataAreaA0