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1、Orderednanomaterial——Self-assemblyLidanIntroductionSelf-assemblyisawidespreadphenomenoninnature.Biologicalcells,animalbones,shells,pearls,naturalmineralzeoliteandsoonareallnano-structredmaterialsthroughself-assemblytechnical.2calcareousstructureinthe
2、bodyofplanktonIntroduction3Wehaveusedself-assemblytofabricatematerialsforonly20years.Itiswidelybelievedthatself-assemblyisaprocess,inwhichatoms,molecules,particles,andotherunitscombinetogethertogeneratenanomaterialsspontaneouslydrivenbylowestenergypr
3、incipleinthesuitablephysicalandchemicalconditions.Inthisprocess,themostimportantdrivingforceistheinteractionforceamongthestructuralunits,likehydrogenbond,VanderWaalsforce,electrostaticinteraction,hydrophilic-hydrophobicinteractionandsoon.Contentsself
4、-assemblyofVanderWaalsforceself-assemblyofelectrostaticattractionself-assemblyoftemplatemethodself-assemblyofvaporphasecatalyticself-assemblyofsurfacetensionandcapillaryforceself-assemblyofmicroemulsionself-assemblyoforientedattachment45Thestructureo
5、fsurfactant:thereisatleastonehydrophilicgroupinthehead,alongwithonehydrophobicgroupinthetail.Itcanbeadsorbedonthesurfaceorinterfacetodecreaseitssurfaceenergyinlowconcentration.schematicofsurfactantSelf-assemblyofmicroemulsionStructureofsurfactant6Sur
6、factanthastwostates.Firstisdispersedstate,whichisalsocalledasionizationstate.Thesecondiscondensedstate,inwhichmicellewillbegenerated.Theshapeofmicelleisvariousduetocompositionofsolution.Itmaylooklikespherical,rod-like,hexagonal,cubic,flake,layerandso
7、on.Thesolutioncontainingorderedmicellarstructurecanchangeintogelafterdehydration.Then,orderedmesoporousmaterialwillformafterdryingandcalcinationifitsstructuredoesnotcollapse.schematicofmicelleTheexistingstateofsurfactantandCMC7Microemulsionmethodisal
8、soknownassurfactanttemplatemethod.Itmainlyutilizethispropertythatsurfactantcanaggregateinsolutiontoformmicelle(orreservemicelle),microemulsion(orreservemicroemulsion),liquidcrystalandvesica,whichhaveorderedmicrostructure.Mostofthesemicrostructuresare
