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1、Orderednanomaterial ——Self-assemblyLidanIntroductionSelf-assemblyisawidespreadphenomenoninnature.Biologicalcells,animalbones,shells,pearls,naturalmineralzeoliteandsoonareallnano-structredmaterialsthroughself-assemblytechnical.calcareousstructureinthebodyofplankton2Introduc
2、tionWehaveusedself-assemblytofabricatematerialsforonly20years.Itiswidelybelievedthatself-assemblyisaprocess,inwhichatoms,molecules,particles,andotherunitscombinetogethertogeneratenanomaterialsspontaneouslydrivenbylowestenergyprincipleinthesuitablephysicalandchemicalconditi
3、ons.Inthisprocess,themostimportantdrivingforceistheinteractionforceamongthestructuralunits,likehydrogenbond,VanderWaalsforce,electrostaticinteraction,hydrophilic-hydrophobicinteractionandsoon.3Contentsself-assemblyofVanderWaalsforceself-assemblyofelectrostaticattractionsel
4、f-assemblyoftemplatemethodself-assemblyofvaporphasecatalyticself-assemblyofsurfacetensionandcapillaryforceself-assemblyofmicroemulsionself-assemblyoforientedattachment4Thestructureofsurfactant:thereisatleastonehydrophilicgroupinthehead,alongwithonehydrophobicgroupinthetail
5、.Itcanbeadsorbedonthesurfaceorinterfacetodecreaseitssurfaceenergyinlowconcentration.schematicofsurfactantSelf-assemblyofmicroemulsionStructureofsurfactant5Surfactanthastwostates.Firstisdispersedstate,whichisalsocalledasionizationstate.Thesecondiscondensedstate,inwhichmicel
6、lewillbegenerated.Theshapeofmicelleisvariousduetocompositionofsolution.Itmaylooklikespherical,rod-like,hexagonal,cubic,flake,layerandsoon.Thesolutioncontainingorderedmicellarstructurecanchangeintogelafterdehydration.Then,orderedmesoporousmaterialwillformafterdryingandcalci
7、nationifitsstructuredoesnotcollapse.schematicofmicelleTheexistingstateofsurfactantandCMC6Microemulsionmethodisalsoknownassurfactanttemplatemethod.Itmainlyutilizethispropertythatsurfactantcanaggregateinsolutiontoformmicelle(orreservemicelle),microemulsion(orreservemicroemul
8、sion),liquidcrystalandvesica,whichhaveorderedmicrostructure.Mostofthesemicrostructuresare
