2012年考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析汇总11

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1、2012年考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析汇总11　　PartC　　Directions:　　ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)　　46)Arecentphenomenoninpresent-dayscienceandtechnologyistheincreasing

2、trendtoward“directed”or“programmed”research;i.e.researchwhosescopeandobjectivesarepredeterminedbyprivateorgovernmentorganizationsratherthanresearchersthemselves.Anyscientistworkingforsuchorganizationsandinvestigatinginagivenfieldthereforetendstodosoinacco

3、rdancewithaplanorprogramdesignedbeforehand.　　Atthebeginningofthecentury,however,thesituationwasquitedifferent.Atthattimetherewerenoindustrialhttp://www.thea.cn/kcnet1480/http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1480/researchorganizationsinthemodernsense:thelaboratoryunit

4、consistedofafewscientistsatthemost,assistedbyoneortwotechnicians.47)Nevertheless,thescientist,oftenworkingwithinadequateequipmentinunsuitablerooms,wasfreetochooseanysubjectforinvestigationheliked,sincetherewasnopredeterminedprogramtowhichhehadtoconform.　　

5、48)Asthecenturydeveloped,theincreasingmagnitudeandcomplexityoftheproblemstobesolvedmadeitimpossible,inmanycases,fortheindividualscientisttodealwiththehugemassofnewdata,techniquesandequipmentthatwererequiredforcarryingoutresearchaccuratelyandefficiently.Th

6、eincreasingscaleandscopeoftheexperimentsneededtotestnewhypothesesanddevelopnewtechniquesandindustrialprocessesledtothesettingupofresearchgroupsorteamsusinghighly-complicatedequipmentinelaborately-designedlaboratories.49)Owingtothelargesumsofmoneyinvolved,

7、itwasthenfeltessentialtodirectthesehumanandmaterialresourcesintospecificchannelswithclearly-definedobjectives.Inthiswayitwasconsideredthatthequickestandmostpracticalresultscouldbeobtained.This,then,wasprogrammed(programmatic)research.　　Oneoftheeffectsofth

8、isorganizedandstandardizedinvestigationistocausethescientisttobecomeincreasinglyinvolvedinappliedresearch(development),especiallyinthebranchesofsciencewhichseemmostlikelytohaveindustrialapplications.Privateindustrya