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1、NO4-2——byMVT第一篇TheevolutionofintelligenceamongearlyElargemammalsofthegrasslandswasduein特殊短语greatmeasuretotheinteractionbetweentwoecologicallysynchronizedgroupsoftheseani-(5)mals,thehuntingcarnivoresandtheherbivoresthattheyhunted.Theinteractionresultingfromthed
2、ifferencesbetweenpredatorandpreyledto≠,ledtoageneralimprovementinbrainfunctions;how-转折词ever,certaincomponentsofintelligencewereTS(10)improvedfarmorethanothers.Thekindofintelligencefavoredbytheinter-playofincreasinglysmartercatchersandSEincreasinglykeenerescape
3、rsisdefinedbyattention—thataspectofmindcarryingcon-(15)sciousnessforwardfromonemomenttothe略读（解释）next.Itrangesfromapassive,free-floatingawarenesstoahighlyfocused,activefixation.1,2,3Therangethroughthesestatesismediatedbythearousalsystem,anetworkoftractsconverg-
4、特殊词汇(20)ingfromsensorysystemstointegratingcentersinthebrainstem.Fromthemorerelaxedtothemorevigorouslevels,sensitivitytonoveltyisincreased.Theorganismismoreawake,more↑上升vigilant;thisincreasedvigilanceresultsinthe特殊词汇(25)apprehensionofevermoresubtlesignalsastheo
5、rganismbecomesmoresensitivetoitssur-roundings.Theprocessesofarousalandconcen-trationgiveattentionitsdirection.Arousalisatfirstgeneral,withafloodingofimpulsesinthe(30)brainstem;thengraduallytheactivationis顺序channeled.Thusbeginsconcentration,thehold-ingofconsist
6、entimages.Onemeaningofintelli-genceisthewayinwhichtheseimagesandotheralertlysearchedinformationareusedinthecon-(35)textofpreviousexperience.Consciousnesslinkspastattentiontothepresentandpermitstheintegrationofdetailswithperceivedendsandpurposes.Theelementsofin
7、telligenceandconscious-(40)nesscometogethermarvelouslytoproducedif-SE,+ferentstylesinpredatorandprey.Herbivores≠andcarnivoresdevelopdifferentkindsofatten-tionrelatedtoescapingorchasing.Althoughin让步bothkindsofanimal,arousalstimulatesthe(45)productionofadrenalin
8、eandnorepinephrinebytheadrenalglands,theeffectinherbivoresispri-marilyfear,whereasincarnivorestheeffectis⊙,﹥﹤12NO4-2——byMVTprimarilyaggression.Forboth,arousalattunestheanimaltowhat
