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1、伤害流行病学和预防控制俞敏浙江省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病防制所伤害的定义伤害是指造成身体的损伤,影响了正常工作,需要医治或看护。伤害必须到医疗部门诊断或活动受限1天。---1986年美国国家统计中心1996年王声涌教授提出的统计标准:①到医疗单位就诊,诊断为某种损伤;②由家人、老师、同事或同伴对受伤者作紧急处置或看护;③因伤请假(休工、休学、休息)半日以上。美国CDC定义:“由于运动、热量、化学、电或放射线的能量交换,在机体组织无法耐受的水平上,所造成的组织损伤或由于窒息而引起的缺氧称为伤害”。WHO定义Injuryisabodilylesionattheorg
2、aniclevelresultingfromacuteexposuretoenergy(thisenergycanbemechanical,thermal,electrical,chemical,orradiant)interactingwiththebodyinamountsorratesthatexceedthethresholdofphysiologicaltolerance.InsomecasesanInjuryresultsfromaninsufficiencyofanyofthevitalelements(indrowning,strangulation,or
3、freezing).Thetimebetweenexposureandtheappearanceoftheinjuryneedstobeshort(afewminutes).Baker,S.P.,B.O'Neill,R.S.Karpf,TheInjuryFactBook.LexingtonBooks,D.C.HealthandCompany/Lexington,Massachusetts/Toronto,1984Unintentionalorintentionaldamagetothebodyresultingfromacuteexposuretothermal,mech
4、anical,electrical,orchemicalenergyorfromtheabsenceofsuchessentialsasheatoroxygen."Injury"or"Trauma"areusedinterchangeably.Whatdefinesinjurymayvarybutinvitalstatisticsthisisreflectedineitherdeathfromtrauma,theneedtoseekmedicalattention,ortheinabilitytoperformusualactivitiesforadayorlonger.
5、Sleet,D.A.,Albany,P.,Lee,N.et.al.InjuryinWesternAustralia.HealthDepartmentofWesternAustralia,1991InjuryDefinitionDamagetothebodycausedby(acute)exchangeswithenvironmentalenergythatarebeyondthebody’sresilience(Haddon,1986).Theenergymaybemechanical,thermal,electrical,ionisingradiationorchemi
6、cal(poisoning,asphyxiation).Definition:Anyspecificandidentifiablebodilyimpairmentordamageresultingfromexposureto:ThermalenergyMechanical/kineticenergyElectricalenergyChemicalenergyAbsenceofessentialelements–heat&oxygenInjury--ACICR伤害的分类(Etiology–mechanismandexternalcause)性质分类:分温度、机械能
7、、化学能、电能以及基本能量缺乏;外因分类:交通伤害等,参照ICD分类伤害的分类(IntentofInjury)伤害故意伤害非故意伤害自伤他人伤害伤害的分类(Natureofinjury):脑和脊柱、骨折、面部受伤、背部受伤等伤害的分类(Placeofoccurrence):道路,家中,学校,运动时等伤害的严重程度死亡严重伤害住院急诊室抢救门诊治疗或自己处理及不治疗Severity:InjuryPyramid1Death18Hospitalizations292TREATMENTINEMERGENCYROOMORPHYSI